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排序方式: 共有163条查询结果,搜索用时 719 毫秒
11.
D. Hebert K. Froöhlich A. Andreeff 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(10):358-361
Aufbau, Arbeitsweise und Eigenschaften einer Apparatur, mit der naturliche l4C-Aktiviäten in Grund- und Oberflächenwässern gemessen werden können, werden beschrieben. Die Messung erfordert 3 Arbeitsschritte: Probenahme, Synthese von Benzol, welches dann den Probenkohlenstoff enthält, und Messung der 14C-Aktivität in einem Flüssigkeitsszintillationszähler. Die Apparatur kann zur Datierung von Wasserproben im Altersbereich zwischen 200 und 37000 a verwendet werden. 相似文献
12.
Congjian Sun Yaning Chen Weihong Li Randy L. Stotler Yongqing Zhang 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2016,52(3):281-297
By using 233 isotope samples, we investigated the spatial and temporal variations of δ18O and δ2H in precipitation and surface water, and the contribution of different water sources in the rivers within the Tarim River Basin (TRB), which receives snow/glacier meltwater, groundwater, and rainfall. Our study revealed a similar seasonal pattern of precipitation δ18O and δ2H at both the north and south edges of the basin, indicating the dominant effect of westerly air masses in the summer and the combined influence of westerly and polar air masses during the winter, although the southern part showed more complex precipitation processes in the summer. River water in the basin has relatively large temporal variations in both δ18O and δ2H showing a distinct seasonal pattern with lower isotope values in May than in September. Higher d-excess values throughout the year in the Aksu river and the Tizinafu river suggest that water may be intensively recycled in the mountains of the TRB. Based on isotopic hydrograph separation, we found that groundwater is the main water source that discharges the entire basin although individual rivers vary. 相似文献
13.
为了解决系统设计中单片机串口数量较少不能同时满足多路串行通信的问题,通过对现有串口扩展技术进行对比分析,并针对水文监测系统的应用需求,提出了基于芯片XR16L784完成串口扩展的设计方案。介绍了串口扩展芯片XR16L784的硬件设计和软件编程的具体实现方法,并在水文监测系统上进行了实验验证。结果表明:串口扩展芯片XR16L784可有效实现多个串口扩充,扩充后的串口通道能够在不同波特率下稳定、可靠实现数据双向传输。串口扩展方案解决了在多路串行通信系统中系统主控单元串口数量有限的问题,在水文监测系统中体现出很好的实用价值。 相似文献
14.
介绍了自动提取数字河网的常用方法和不足,阐述了利用DEM和DRLN(digltal river and lake network)的改进算法的基本思路。基于全球陆地一公里基础高程GLOBE数据。利用遥感影像获得的自然流域水系矢量数据对DEM进行重新处理,自动提取了汉江流域的数字河网,能够有效避免了原始DEM可能造成的错误。最后。利用ArcHydro工具构建了具有拓扑关系的水文网络,从而为进一步开展汉江流域分布式水文模拟和计算以及水资源优化配置等分析提供了充足的空间信息。 相似文献
15.
Anthony Lapp Ian D. Clark Andrew L. Macumber R. Timothy Patterson 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2017,53(5):500-517
Arctic and sub-arctic watersheds are undergoing significant changes due to recent climate warming and degrading permafrost, engendering enhanced monitoring of arctic rivers. Smaller catchments provide understanding of discharge, solute flux and groundwater recharge at the process level that contributes to an understanding of how larger arctic watersheds are responding to climate change. The North Klondike River, located in west central Yukon, is a sub-alpine permafrost catchment, which maintains an active hydrological monitoring station with a record of >40 years. In addition to being able to monitor intra-annual variability, this data set allows for more complex analysis of streamflow records. Streamflow data, geochemistry and stable isotope data for 2014 show a groundwater-dominated system, predominantly recharged during periods of snowmelt. Radiocarbon is shown to be a valuable tracer of soil zone recharge processes and carbon sources. Winter groundwater baseflow contributes 20?% of total annual discharge, and accounts for up to 50?% of total river discharge during the spring and summer months. Although total stream discharge remains unchanged, mean annual groundwater baseflow has increased over the 40-year monitoring period. Wavelet analysis reveals a catchment that responds to El Niño and longer solar cycles, as well as climatic shifts such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.Dedicated to Professor Peter Fritz on the occasion of his 80th birthday 相似文献
16.
Simin Qu Yifan Wang Minmin Zhou Han Liu Peng Shi Zhongbo Yu 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2017,53(2):172-183
The differences between δ18O and δ2H in throughfall and open rainfall were studied for a selected typhoon event in a watershed within the Taihu Lake drainage basin, eastern China. In this event, the isotopic composition of precipitation exhibited a strong temporal variation. Comparison results show that an isotopic composition difference existed not only between gross rainfall and average incremental rainfall, but also between different calculation methods used to derive average. The differences between incremental precipitation and throughfall isotopic composition were observed in this study. Considering the temporal variation in rainfall and throughfall during this typhoon event, the incremental value can have an effect on hydrograph separation more accurately in evaluating the importance of ‘new’ water. In addition, isotopic fluctuations of surface water and groundwater differed from those of rainfall and throughfall throughout the event. 相似文献
17.
Christian Moeck Dirk Radny Adrian Auckenthaler Michael Berg Juliane Hollender Mario Schirmer 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2017,53(5):484-499
Stable isotopes of water, organic micropollutants and hydrochemistry data are powerful tools for identifying different water types in areas where knowledge of the spatial distribution of different groundwater is critical for water resource management. An important question is how the assessments change if only one or a subset of these tracers is used. In this study, we estimate spatial artificial infiltration along an infiltration system with stage–discharge relationships and classify different water types based on the mentioned hydrochemistry data for a drinking water production area in Switzerland. Managed aquifer recharge via surface water that feeds into the aquifer creates a hydraulic barrier between contaminated groundwater and drinking water wells. We systematically compare the information from the aforementioned tracers and illustrate differences in distribution and mixing ratios. Despite uncertainties in the mixing ratios, we found that the overall spatial distribution of artificial infiltration is very similar for all the tracers. The highest infiltration occurred in the eastern part of the infiltration system, whereas infiltration in the western part was the lowest. More balanced infiltration within the infiltration system could cause the elevated groundwater mound to be distributed more evenly, preventing the natural inflow of contaminated groundwater.
Dedicated to Professor Peter Fritz on the occasion of his 80th birthday 相似文献
18.
Didier Gastmans Vinícius Santos Juliana Aparecida Galhardi João Felipe Gromboni Ludmila Vianna Batista Konrad Miotlinski 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2017,53(5):518-538
Based on Global Network Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) isotopic data set, a review of the spatial and temporal variability of δ18O and δ2H in precipitation was conducted throughout central and eastern Brazil, indicating that dynamic interactions between Intertropical and South Atlantic Convergence Zones, Amazon rainforest, and Atlantic Ocean determine the variations on the isotopic composition of precipitation over this area. Despite the seasonality and latitude effects observed, a fair correlation with precipitation amount was found. In addition, Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) air mass back trajectories were used to quantify the factors controlling daily variability in stable isotopes in precipitation. Through a linear multiple regression analysis, it was observed that temporal variations were consistent with the meteorological parameters derived from HYSPLIT, particularly precipitation amount along the trajectory and mix depth, but are not dependent on vapour residence time in the atmosphere. These findings also indicate the importance of convective systems to control the isotopic composition of precipitation in tropical and subtropical regions. 相似文献
19.
工程可变模糊集理论与模型--模糊水文水资源学数学基础 总被引:85,自引:5,他引:80
陈守煜 《大连理工大学学报》2005,45(2):308-312
系统阐述了作者创建的模糊水文水资源学新学科的数学基础——工程可变模糊集理论、模型及其建立的思维过程.指出1965年Zadeh创立的模糊集合隶属函数概念惟一化或静态化的理论缺陷,建立了以相对隶属函数为基础的相对差异函数与模糊可变集合的概念、定义与模型,拓展了模糊集合隶属函数的静态概念与定义,是工程可变模糊集理论的核心内容,不仅可用于模糊水文水资源学,同样可用于其他工程领域.最后论述了相对差异函数与可拓集合中关联函数的区别,指出并证明1983年蔡文在《科学探索》上发表的、以后又多次在可拓学论著中介绍的关联函数公式的错误,遗漏了重要约束条件,不能用于工程领域. 相似文献
20.