四川温江金马地区地下水化学特征研究

根据温江金马地区地下水水化学分析资料,研究了该区浅层地下水中主要离子组分、微量元素特征及其空间变化规律,初步揭示了地下水化学组分形成原因,为更好的开发利用和保护地下水资源提供一定的参考。     

The Saltwater/Freshwater Regime in the Sedimentary Cover of the Gorleben Salt Dome

Hydrogeological investigations were conducted around the Gorleben salt dome, in the northeastern part of Lower Saxony in Germany, to study the aquifer system in the cover deposits consisting of unconsolidated Quaternary and Tertiary sediments up to 250m thick. An upper freshwater body is underlain here by saline water. The salinity of the water generally increases with depth. Saturated brines are found in the lower aquifer in a subglacial erosion channel above the salt dome. Hydrochemical analyses and geophysical and isotope studies provide information on development history and behaviour of the flow system. Highly saline groundwater formed by subrosion of salt collects in the lower aquifer above the salt dome. It generally flows north through the erosion channel in the direction of the regional flow field and collects in a basin-like aquifer structure north of the dome. The post-Pleistocene groundwater circulation is progressively replacing the Pleistocene brines with Holocene groundwater. Only a small amount of salt water is being transported into the near-surface aquifer.     

水化对泥页岩地层“安全”钻井的影响

泥页岩地层与其它“惰性”岩石不同,当其与水基钻井液接触时,岩体强度、内部应力都将随钻井液类型及地层与钻井液的接触时间变化而变化,因此,一个有效的力学本构方程应该能够体现出发生在泥页岩地层中的力学和物理化学动态过程,Yew C H等在这一领域作了开创性工作;并引用Yew C H等提出的水化应力模型,计算分析了水化对水敏性泥页岩地层井周应力分布状态,地层坍塌应力和破裂应力的影响。     

华北隐伏型煤矿地下水水化学演化与突水水源判别

我国华北隐伏型煤田突水水源判别普遍注重单一含水层的静态水化学场分析,很少考虑煤矿开采进程中多含水层地下水系统水化学演化规律。为此,本文以典型华北隐伏型煤田——淮北煤田为研究示范,提出了地下水渗流与水化学演化模式。而且以淮北煤田境内的芦岭煤矿Ⅱ1016工作面出水点水化学动态变化为例,基于地下水渗流与水化学演化模式,正确判别出该工作面出水水源与渗流突水模式。研究成果对我国华北隐伏型煤矿水灾防治提供重要理论支持。     

基于水化学和同位素的典型岩溶水系统溶质演化过程—以西昌市仙人洞为例

仙人洞岩溶水系统是西昌市南部典型的地下水系统,亦是该区饮用水和灌溉用水的唯一水源,对其水源成因和溶质组分演化过程的研究具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。本文以仙人洞岩溶水系统为研究对象,通过分析岩溶水、基岩裂隙水和地表水水化学组分、氢氧同位素和氚同位素特征,探讨了这三类水的成因和溶质演化过程。结果显示：仙人洞三类水阳离子以Ca₂₊为主,阴离子以HCO_3-为主,水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO_3-型水;水化学指标和同位素信息揭示三类水均以大气降水补给为主,但岩溶水属于具有快速通道的深循环、长径流途径的水循环模式,而基岩裂隙水则属于浅表层循环模式。系列水化学图示和离子比值系数表明岩石风化作用、碳酸盐岩溶解和离子交换过程是影响这三类水组分演化的主要化学过程。     

87Sr/86Sr in Saxon Mineral and Spa Waters

Abstract

Understanding and preserving the genesis of natural mineral and spa waters is a matter of keen interest. Under a complex analysis programme, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (as well as other isotopes) were measured in such waters at various sites in Saxony, producing values ranging between 0.708 and 0.731. The strontium isotope ratio was found to be closely linked to the flow patterns and variations in the chemical composition of water. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio can thus be used as an indicator to characterize groundwater-rock interaction and hence the variation of flow paths. It is especially useful for differentiating waters in a lithologically heterogeneous aquifer system. However, it has to be applied together with other methods and different samples from the same area should be compared.     

Insights from stable isotopes of water and hydrochemistry to the evolutionary processes of groundwater in the Subei lake basin,Ordos energy base,Northwestern China

ABSTRACT

Changes in groundwater evolutionary processes due to aquifer overexploitation show a world-wide increase and have been of growing concern in recent years. The study aimed to improve the knowledge of groundwater evolutionary processes by means of stable water isotopes and hydrochemistry in a representative lake basin, Ordos energy base. Groundwater, precipitation, and lake water collected during four campaigns were analysed by stable isotopes and chemical compositions. Results showed that temperature effect predominated the isotope fractionation in precipitation, while evaporation and inadequate groundwater recharge were the key factors explaining high salinity and isotopic enrichment in lake water. Additionally, the Kuisheng Lake was a preferential area of groundwater recharge, while the Subei Lake received less sources from underlying aquifer due to the combined effects of low permeable zone and upstream groundwater captured by the production wells. The homogeneous isotope signatures of groundwater may be ascribed to the closely vertical hydraulic connectivity between the unconfined and the confined aquifers. Isotopically enriched groundwater pumping from well field probably promoted isotopic depletion in groundwater depression cone. These findings not only provide the conceptual framework for the inland basin, but also have important implications for sustainable groundwater management in other groundwater discharge basins with arid climate.     

高放废物处置库因格井预选区水化学—同位素分析

因格井坳陷是中国高放废物地质处置库黏土岩重要预选场址之一。选取研究区19组水样作为研究对象,利用Piper三线图和Gibbs图等方法,探讨该区域的地下水化学特征和氢氧同位素特征,主要结论是:研究区的地表水和地下水的水化学类型主要是Cl-SO_4-Na-Ca型或Cl-SO_4-Na型,水化学类型差别不大;pH大多落在7~9之间,TDS值均小于100 g·L~(-1),两者符合中国黏土岩选址的基本标准;地下水主要接受大气降水的补给,地表水的补给作用不明显,初步认为,就水文地质条件而言,因格井坳陷预选区适合建造高放废物处置库。     

西藏阿里地区北部沼泽基本特征

本文论述了西藏阿里地区北部沼泽发育的控制因素,沼泽基本类型及各类型沼泽分布特点,沼泽植物与沼泽沉积物特征、孢子花粉特征以及沼泽水化学特征等。通过5个代表性沼泽地沉积物孢粉组合带的分析,阐明了本区晚全新世的某些基本特点。     

拉萨河羊八井剖面水化学特征及水质评价

为研究拉萨河羊八井剖面水化学特征及存在的水质问题,综合运用图解法、数理统计方法以及Phreeqc软件中反向水文地球化学模拟模块进行水化学特征分析。在此基础上,采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型进行了水质评价。结果表明:研究区水化学类型以低矿化度的Ca·Mg-HCO_3·SO_4型为主;地下水离子成分主要受溶滤、阳离子交替吸附和脱碳酸作用影响;水质达到Ⅲ级标准的采样点,占总体采样点的87%,水质整体较好,仅马乡和羊八井电厂排污口附近的水质较差为Ⅳ或Ⅴ级,主要原因是锰矿开采产生的矿业废水和羊八井电厂(一厂)排放的地热废水所致,水体中Fe、Mn、As、F~-超标严重。