Two-point Padé approximants for formal Stieltjes series

We prove that certain two-point Padé approximants occupying the diagonal of the Padé table form monotone sequences of lower and upper bounds uniformly converging to a Stieltjes function. The results can be applied to the theory of inhomogeneous media for the calculation of the bounds on the effective transport coefficients of heterogeneous materials.     

冰盖下组合桥墩的局部冲刷特性及水力特性

为研究冰盖对组合桥墩局部冲刷及其周围流场分布的影响,基于动床冲刷试验,在不同覆盖条件下,分析了不同水流条件和桥墩尺寸对组合桥墩局部冲刷的影响,建立了预测明渠水流与冰盖流条件下组合桥墩最大冲刷深度的经验方程,并通过ADV测量了墩前的流场。结果表明:组合桥墩的冲刷模式与串列桥墩相似,最大冲刷深度始终出现在墩正前方;经验方程中来流水深、来流流速、桥墩尺寸、冰盖糙率均与最大冲刷深度呈正相关关系;在粗糙冰冰盖流条件下,墩前的垂向流速最大,导致其最大冲刷深度总是大于同等条件下的明渠水流和光滑冰盖流。     

PEO—Ca^2＋—H2O溶液中电导率与粘度关系的研究

用乌氏粘度计和电导率仪测定了ＰＥＯ－Ｃａ２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ溶液的粘度和电导率研究了在Ｃａ２＋存在下聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ）水溶液的电导率和粘度等特性随Ｃａ２＋浓度变化的情况,得出了粘度和电导率的关系式：κηｓｐ·ｆｎ＝ｍ,其中ｍ、ｎ为常数。     

双剪强度理论在水工压力隧洞弹塑性应力分析中的应用

水工压力隧洞的弹塑性分析,工程上一直采用Ｍｏｈｒ－Ｃｏｕｌｏｍｂ强度准则进行求解。但由于该理论和试验结果常常不符,故产生误差。本文应用俞茂宏教授提出的双剪强度理论对水工压力隧洞进行弹塑性分析,解决了上述问题。     

综放开采在小峪3^#煤层应用的可行性研究

采用多因素分析综合评价方法,论证了在小峪３＾＃煤层应用综放开采是可行的,并提出了具体实施方案,对矿井生产及类似条件的煤层开发有指导借鉴意义。     

膨胀土的浸水规律

根据土体浸水速率（导水库）与土体结构的理论关系和膨胀土结构的分形模型,导出了膨胀土的浸水速率与含水量,吸力、时间和上覆荷载的相关关系。理论和试验结果表明：膨胀土的浸水速率与含水量、吸力和时间在双对数坐标上呈直线相关,随着含水量增加、吸力减小,浸水速率增大、浸水速率随时间延长而减小;浸水速率的对数与上覆荷载呈直线相关,上覆荷载越大,浸水速率越小。     

小尺寸金属系统电导率的计算

运用量子统计要函数方法和久保公式分别计算一维金属线、二维金属薄膜的杂质散射电导率,计算结果表 尺寸金属系统的电导率跟金属系统上有关,具有量子尺寸效应。     

Hydraulic conductivity of rock fractures

The flow of a single-phase fluid through a rough-walled rock fracture is discussed within the context of fluid mechanics. The derivation of the cubic law is given as the solution to the Navier-Stokes equations for flow between smooth, parallel plates - the only fracture geometry that is amenable to exact treatment. The various geometric and kinematic conditions that are necessary in order for the Navier-Stokes equations to be replaced by the more tractable lubrication or Hele-Shaw equations are studied and quantified. In general, this requires a sufficiently low flow rate, and some restrictions on the spatial rate of change of the aperture profile. Various analytical and numerical results are reviewed pertaining to the problem of relating the effective hydraulic aperture to the statistics of the aperture distribution. These studies all lead to the conclusion that the effective hydraulic aperture is less than the mean aperture, by a factor that depends on the ratio of the mean value of the aperture to its standard deviation. The tortuosity effect caused by regions where the rock walls are in contact with each other is studied using the Hele-Shaw equations, leading to a simple correction factor that depends on the area fraction occupied by the contact regions. Finally, the predicted hydraulic apertures are compared to measured values for eight data sets from the literature for which aperture and conductivity data were available on the same fracture. It is found that reasonably accurate predictions of hydraulic conductivity can be made based solely on the first two moments of the aperture distribution function, and the proportion of contact area.     

Temperature- and hydration-dependence of molecular mobility in seeds

Broad-band ac dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and various techniques of thermally stimulated currents (TSC) have been used to investigate molecular mobility in cereal and legume seeds, over wide ranges of water content and temperature. We focused our interest on the detailed study of the interactions between water and seed constituents. The results are quantitatively discussed, using various concepts dictated by the experimental techniques employed and in relation to the protein and carbohydrate contents of the seeds. In addition, the glass transition in the seeds, freezing and melting of water, and the protonic conduction process have been studied in some detail.Financial support through the Greek Ministry of Industry, Energy and Technology (Secretariat of Research and Technology), the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (Dept. of International Scientific and Technological Cooperation), and the Empirikos Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.     

Multicomponent electrolyte systems: Dependence of ionic mobilities on aqueous organic solvent structure

Ionic mobility data for multicomponent electrolyte systems at low concentrations are scarce due to experimental difficulties and are actually restricted to aqueous solutions of alkali chlorides. Some new results are presented which have been obtained by using a radiotracer method valid even if one of the ionic species is present at very low concentrations (tracer ion). The following electrolyte systems (two electrolytes with a common ion in a solvent) have been investigated at a 0.5N total ionic strength: NaNO₃–AgNO₃, KNO₃–AgNO₃, LiNO₃–AgNO₃ either in pure water or in water-rich (acetonitrile or dimethylsulfoxide) mixed solvents. Since ionic conductivity data processing by an extended law generalized to mixtures, such as that proposed by Quint and Viallard, has proved to be delicate to handle, our experimental results have been compared with the qualitative predictions of the classical Onsager-Fuoss limiting law. The main conclusion of this work is to give clear experimental evidence of the inability of any continuum theory to predict the ionic mobilities when solvent structural effect have to be taken into account. Consequently, the ionic behavior, particularly that of the Ag⁺ ion, has been interpreted in terms of preferential solvation and solvent microscopic structure. The trace mobility measurements reflect the maximum structural effect on the ionic transport properties.