Synthesis of 2′-O-[2-[(N,N-dialkylamino)oxy]ethyl]-modified oligonucleotides: hybridization affinity, resistance to nuclease, and protein binding characteristics

Synthesis of a series of 2′-O-[2-[(N,N-dialkylamino)oxy]ethyl]-modified 5-methyluridine nucleoside phosphoramidites and solid supports are described. Using these monomers, modified oligonucleotides containing phosphodiester linkages were synthesized in high yields. These modified oligonucleotides showed enhanced binding affinity to the complementary RNA (and not to DNA) and excellent nuclease stability with t_1/2>24 h. The human serum albumin binding properties of modified oligonucleotides have been evaluated to assess their transport and toxicity properties.     

Future of biological aerosol detection

Biological aerosol detection in real time is an urgent civilian and military requirement. Such detection capability will be useful in environmental monitoring, for example, in gathering information in perceived hazardous areas such as housing developments downwind of sewage treatment plants. To be truly functional, the instrument has to operate continuously, 24 h a day and 7 days a week with minimal maintenance and few false alarms. A novel concept is proposed. The system employs a rapid front-end warning/alarming mechanism based on optical technologies that provides useful information for protection decision makers. This is connected to a sample collector that feeds a slower back-end liquid chemistry system that provides analytical results to the medical personnel to assist in prophylaxis and therapy decisions. Experience gained from measuring fluorescence signals of single bacterial spores under flow cytometry (FCM) using UV excitation at 340-360 nm, was applied to concept testing of a prototype instrument, built to do the same for aerosols. This machine was capable of resolving particle size as well as fluorescence intensity of each particle under laboratory and field conditions; it was called the fluorescent aerodynamic particle sizer (FLAPS). This paper describes practical aspects of measuring biological aerosols when the results must be compared to reference samplers that provide culturable or “live” data. Treatment of particle size and fluorescence information is discussed with respect to FLAPS and reference data fidelity. Along with an objective method to evaluate FLAPS data correlation to reference data, an approach for determining limit of detection in the field is discussed. In addressing the back-end detector chemistry, we have prioritized a number of important biological characteristics that must be given to a clinician to help in prophylaxis and therapy decisions. A series of biochemical measurements are proposed to define the threat of a sample and different solutions are given to implement these tests. We predict that the future for biological detection looks promising for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques in identifying microorganisms. A conceptual instrument based on merging FCM and microchip-based analysis is described.     

光周期敏感不育水稻中激素的二阶导数卷积伏安法研究

二阶导数卷积伏安法应用于水稻中痛量雌雄激素的检测，具有快速，灵敏，干扰少的特点。本文以光周期敏感核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ为材料，以农垦５８作对照，了叶焉和穗中雌，雄性激素的含量，研究了不同光周期条件下两类激素的变化。     

Xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei rut C-30 on rice straw

Xylanase production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 was examined at different initial pH values (4.8, 5.9, and 7.0) on rice straw in shake flasks, and in a fermentor, for the best pH condition. Enzyme performance was tested on ammonia-treated dwarf elephant grass. The maximum xylanase activities, 92 and 122 IU/mL, were obtained at pH 4.8 in the shake flasks and fermentor, respectively, in which good growth of the fungus was observed during the first 24 h and consumption of proteins dissolved from the rice straw caused the pH to rise later to values between 6.4 and 6.7 (optimal for xylanase production). The xylanases from T. reesei were as effective as Multifect XL, a commercial enzyme preparation, in hydrolyzing ammonia-treated elephant grass.     

Chemical Constituents of Brown Rice Grain (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis>)

One new compound 3,7,11,15,19-pentamethyl-9α,10α,11α,17α,18α-pentahydroxy-n-tetracosan-1-oxy-p-hydroxycaffeoate (oryzaterpenyl caffeoate) (1), together with three known fatty acids linoleic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid were isolated and identified from the rice grain of Oryza sativa. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (¹H-¹HCOSY, ¹H-¹³C HETCOR) aided by EI-MS, and IR spectra. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 535–537, November–December, 2005.     

甘蓝型油菜突变体Cr3529抑制性消减文库的构建

应用抑制性消减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization，SSH）技术构建了甘蓝型幼叶黄化油菜突变体Cr3529和其野生型3529品系幼叶期的正、反向消减文库．经茵落PCR检测，正向消减文库的有效重组率为55．5％；反向消减文库的有效重组率为76．5％．为进一步克隆消减文库中的差异表达基因和研究这些基因的功能奠定了基础．     

烟草体细胞杂交再生植株的影响因素

利用体细胞杂交技术,可以克服传统的有性杂交遇到的诸多育种障碍,加速烟草品种选育进程.本文着重对影响烟草体细胞杂交成株的相关因素进行了论述,并讨论了体细胞杂交技术在烟草育种上的应用潜力.     

水稻对硅、钾、钙、镁的吸收动力学研究

为了研究水稻对硅、钾、钙、镁的不同吸收效应，同时探索含钾硅酸盐矿物的肥料价值，本文采用了动力学研究方法．结果表明：水稻对硅、钾、钙、镁的吸收速率因肥料配比差异而不同；而施用多元复合物，水稻生长过程中对硅、钾、钙、镁的吸收速率明显增加；四个动力学方程对水稻吸收养分规律的拟合度都达到了极显著性或显著性水平；单从相关系数及其变异系数来看，四种养分的拟合情况均以Freybdkucg方程为最好．     

机械化大罐发酵生产福建老酒挥发性香味物质的分析

采用色谱－质谱联用分析法，以吹扫捕集与溶剂萃取相结合，对机械化大罐发酵工艺生产的鼓山牌福建老酒的挥发性香味成分进行剖析，以初步揭示挥发性香味成分与福建老酒风格相关联的确切成分，进而为完善机械化大罐发酵生产工艺提供科学依据。     

不同施肥条件下巴西陆稻IAPAR9的养分吸收特性研究

巴西陆稻植株在移栽期——分蘖盛期的氮、磷、钾吸收量较少，分别占其吸收总量的17．1％，12．8％，13．0％，在分蘖盛期——孕穗期氮磷钾吸收量比重最大，分别占其吸收总量的50．1％，53．7％，48．7％左右。氮、磷、钾用量与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾，以及植株氮、磷、钾吸收总量呈极显著正相关，氮肥用量与植株钾素吸收总量亦呈极显著正相关。在中氮、磷、钾水平下，吸肥优势明显，物质生产效率较高。