基于Flowmaster的飞机燃油供油系统仿真研究

飞机燃油系统作为飞机不可或缺的功能和保障系统,对飞机的安全性有着重大的影响。针对飞机燃油供油系统的故障诊断问题,利用流体仿真软件Flowmaster建立了供油系统模型。仿真了飞机燃油系统增压泵供油、交输供油、重力供油的工作情况。分析了飞机燃油供油系统的故障模式,仿真了在几种典型故障模型下的工作情况,并对仿真结果进行了分析。结果表明利用Flowmaster所建立的供油系统模型能有效地仿真飞机燃油系统正常与故障工作情况,为飞机燃油系统的故障诊断打下了基础。     

丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO2纳米晶薄膜电子转移机制

利用超快光谱技术系统研究了在丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO₂纳米晶薄膜起始时刻界面间电子转移动力学。与之前的报道不同,该实验结果表明:CdSe量子点经过表面修饰后,两相电子注入机制--热电子和冷电子注入得以被证实,即:电子能分别从CdSe量子点导带中高的振动能级和导带底转移到TiO₂的导带。该机制详细描绘了电子在纳米界面间转移的图景。进一步研究发现:热电子注入的电子耦合强度(3.6±0.1 meV)比弛豫后的基态电子注入高两个数量级,基于Marcus理论,伴随着0.083 eV的重组能,冷电子注入的耦合强度值为~50 μeV。     

Studies on laser–plasma interaction physics for shock ignition

We realized a series of experiments to study the physics of laser–plasma interaction in an intensity regime of interest for the novel “Shock Ignition” approach to Inertial Fusion. Experiments were performed at the Prague Asterix Laser System laser in Prague using two laser beams: an “auxiliary” beam, for pre-plasma creation, with intensity around 7?×?10¹³?W/cm² (250?ps, 1ω, λ?=?1315?nm) and the “main” beam, up to 10¹⁶?W/cm (250?ps, 3ω, λ?=?438?nm), to launch a shock. The main goal of these experiments is to study the process of the formation of a very strong shock and the influence of hot electrons in the generation of very high pressures. The shock produced by the ablation of the plastic layer is studied by shock breakout chronometry. The generation of hot electrons is analyzed by imaging Kα emission.     

碳柱热电极的制备及应用

用铅笔芯制作了不同直径的碳柱热电极,表征了碳柱热电极的电化学和温敏等各种性质。结果表明,碳柱热电极在多次加热过程中均表现出对温度变化的快速响应以及良好的热稳定性。将其应用于痕量铅的方波阳极溶出伏安法测定,65℃时灵敏度比常温高,Pb2＋浓度在1~22μg/L呈线性关系,线性回归系数r=0.995 5,检测限0.5μg/L。     

Theoretical investigation on reverse intersystem crossing from upper triplet to lowest singlet: A “hot exciton” path for blue fluorescent OLEDs

Nowadays, blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) have attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry. According to spin statistics, electrical excitation results in the formation of ∼25% singlet excitons and ∼75% triplet excitons (signifying ~75% energy loss), which triggered wide-ranging efforts to harvest as many triplet excitons as possible. The materials that can convert triplet excitons into singlet excitons from the high-lying excited triplet states (referred as “hot exciton” channel) to realize high efficiency were reported, which can also efficaciously avoid the accumulation of triplet excitons in T₁ state. In this study, by means of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT, we have theoretically investigated the electronic and photophysical properties of 16 newly designed molecules with donor-bridge-acceptor framework to search for the blue FOLED materials exploiting the “hot exciton” path. Important properties, such as singlet-triplet energy gaps, absorption and emission parameters, and reverse intersystem crossing rates (k_RISC), of five target molecules were studied. The calculated results demonstrate that thiophene-diphenylamine (k_RISC up to 1.03 × 10⁸ seconds⁻¹) may have promising potential as blue FOLED materials by virtue of the “hot exciton” effect.     

热处理对镍基合金涂层与基体结合界面的影响

通过热浸镀法在普碳钢表面成功制备镍基合金涂层.为了提高镍基合金涂层与钢基体之间的结合强度,对镀有镍基合金涂层的基体进行了热处理.研究了热处理前、后结合界面处的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,与热处理前相比,热处理后界面附近的涂层中析出物长大,界面处存在不连续块状铁的硼化物,界面两侧镍、铁互扩散距离增加,靠近界面的过渡带由5～8μm变为20μm.热处理前、后涂层均由γ-(Fe,Ni)、CrB、Cr2B和Cr3C2等相组成,过渡带相组成为γ-(Fe,Ni)、微量CrB和Fe23(C,B)6.热处理后,显微硬度由界面向涂层内逐渐增加,界面结合强度由140MPa提高到200MPa.     

板带钢热轧润滑作用机理及润滑效果

通过建立汽化燃烧区对热轧变形区进行分析计算,发现无论在热轧变形区入口处的汽化燃烧区,还是在变形区,油水混合液都没有足够的时间达到燃点,仍以液体形式存在.采用四球摩擦试验机进行了油膜强度和摩擦因数测定并进行长磨试验.磨斑表面观察表明:当轧制油在水中的质量浓度大于2 g.L-1时,润滑状态为边界润滑,该状态下的润滑作用效果取决于油膜强度,并非轧制油的质量浓度.采用2 g.L-1质量浓度进行轧制润滑生产试验,验证了上述研究结果.润滑有效地降低了轧制压力,同时对冷却水污染最小,取得了很好的润滑效果.对于不同的轧制产品与工艺而言,建议轧制油使用的质量浓度应小于10 g.L-1,否则轧制油残留可能引起冷却水污染.     

配置500 MPa钢筋的混凝土梁裂缝试验研究

为研究配置500 MPa纵向热轧带肋钢筋的混凝土梁的裂缝特征及评估相关规范裂缝计算公式的适用性,进行了22根钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验,得到22个平均裂缝间距和92组裂缝宽度数据,相应的钢筋应力范围在201~482MPa,这些试验数据可反映钢筋应力较高情况下受弯构件的裂缝开展特点.试验结果表明,按规范GB50010—2002公式计算的平均裂缝间距、平均裂缝宽度和最大裂缝宽度比试验值普遍偏大,二者之比的均值分别为1.127,1.557和1.535.根据试验结果,提出配置500 MPa带肋钢筋的混凝土梁的裂缝宽度计算公式修正建议,并给出梁侧面钢筋处和受拉边缘的平均裂缝宽度的换算关系式,建议公式的计算值和试验值符合较好.     

夏热冬暖地区居住建筑被动式节能集成设计研究

针对居住建筑节能现状,对夏热冬暖地区居住建筑的节能设计引入以适宜技术和地域主义为特征的被动式手段,并集成城市、住区、住宅等各个空间层次的相应规划与设计手法,使之在具有普适性的同时更好地发挥系统优势.最后提出具有可操作性的集成设计框架.     

剖宫产术后母乳喂养体位

通过对剖腹产术后母乳喂养体位的观察,发现床下坐位喂奶法可以减轻产妇抱婴的负担,消除了紧张、恐惧感,并能很好地控制头部,使婴儿胸部能更好地贴近母亲的胸部,婴儿极易含住乳头及大部分乳晕,进行有效吸吮.