Structural transformation from shish‐kebab crystals to micro‐fibrils through hot stretching process of gel‐spun ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers with high concentration solution

Structural evolution of gel‐spun ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers with high concentration solution via hot stretching process was investigated by in situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering, in situ wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. With the increase of stretching strain, the long period continuously increases at relative lower stretching temperature, while it first increases and then decreases rapidly at relative higher stretching temperature. The kebab thickness almost keeps constant during the whole hot‐stretching process and the kebab diameter continually decreases for all stretching temperatures. Moreover, the length of shish decreases slightly and the shish quantity increases although there is almost no change in the diameter of shish crystals during the hot stretching process. The degree of crystal orientation at different temperatures is as high as above 0.9 during the whole stretching process. These results indicate that the shish‐kebab crystals in ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers can transform continuously into the micro‐fibril structure composed mostly of shish crystals through the hot stretching process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 225–238     

One site fits both: A model for the ternary complex of folate + NADPH in R67 dihydrofolate reductase, a D2 symmetric enzyme

R67 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a novel enzyme that confers resistance to the antibiotic trimethoprim. The crystal structure of R67 DHFR displays a toroidal structure with a central active-site pore. This homotetrameric protein exhibits 222 symmetry, with only a few residues from each chain contributing to the active site, so related sites must be used to bind both substrate (dihydrofolate) and cofactor (NADPH) in the productive R67 DHFR?NADPH?dihydrofolate complex. Whereas the site of folate binding has been partially resolved crystallographically, an interesting question remains: how can the highly symmetrical active site also bind and orient NADPH for catalysis? To model this ternary complex, we employed DOCK and SLIDE, two methods for docking flexible ligands into proteins using quite different algorithms. The bound pteridine ring of folate (Fol I) from the crystal structure of R67 DHFR was used as the basis for docking the nicotinamide-ribose-P_i (NMN) moiety of NADPH. NMN was positioned by both DOCK and SLIDE on the opposite side of the pore from Fol I, where it interacts with Fol I at the pore's center. Numerous residues serve dual roles in binding. For example, Gln 67 from both the B and D subunits has several contacts with the pteridine ring, while the same residue from the A and C subunits has several contacts with the nicotinamide ring. The residues involved in dual roles are generally amphipathic, allowing them to make both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts with the ligands. The result is a `hot spot' binding surface allowing the same residues to co-optimize the binding of two ligands, and orient them for catalysis.     

热模拟平面应变条件下的热轧织构研究

以微合金钢为材料,采用光学显微镜和EBSD,研究热模拟平面应变实验条件下再结晶奥氏体和变形奥氏体的织构演变.研究发现,在热模拟平面应变实验的压缩过程中,试样的两个自由端限制了变形区金属的宽向流动,达到了很好的平面应变状态.对于再结晶奥氏体相变工艺,由于相变前奥氏体发生再结晶,无畸变保留,奥氏体分解为仿晶界铁素体、贝氏体和少量的珠光体,织构为{100}011α;对于变形奥氏体相变工艺,未再结晶区的变形促进了铁素体相变,使奥氏体分解为铁素体和珠光体组织,织构为{332}113α和{113}110α.此两种工艺条件下的织构,皆为平面应变条件下的奥氏体相变织构,即热模拟平面应变实验可以达到很好的平面应变状态,可用于研究热轧过程的织构演变.     

利用热电导理论研究低杂波电流驱动效率

文章在典型的低杂波电流驱动实验中采用低杂波功率扫描的方法研究了低杂波电流驱动效率。利用热电导理论得到的拟合公式拟合实验数据得到了低杂波完全非感应电流驱动效率以及热电导对电流驱动的贡献,低杂波的全波驱动效率为η0=0.349×10^19Am^-2W^-1,由热电导贡献的电流驱动为η1=0.674×10^19Am^-2W^-1。实验发现热电导在等离子体环电压不为零的时候通过和电场的协同作用大大增强了电流驱动。     

基于ANSYS的捆丝有限元分析

介绍了钢丝捆钢机的工作原理，利用ANSYS软件对捆丝在导槽中的受力、变形情况进行了分析。得到了捆丝在导槽中与轴承的支反力和变形，可以推出捆丝在导槽中的摩擦力，为进一步分析捆丝送丝力计算提供理论指导。     

宾馆热水系统设计探讨

以实际工程为例 ,对宾馆热水系统的设计作了较为详细的阐述 ,分析了我国现行热水供应系统设计规范中耗热量的确定及循环水泵扬程计算公式存在的缺陷和不足 ,并给出了一定的解决办法 ,同时介绍了热水系统中相应的安全措施。     

型砂对铸钢件热裂的影响

本文通过分析型砂热物理性能和高温力学性能与铸钢件热裂的关系,研究了型砂对铸钢件热裂的作用规律,进而比较了几种常用型砂对热裂的影响,得出铸件易热裂规律为:原砂相同时,呋喃树脂砂>水玻璃砂,粘结剂相同时,石英砂>铬铁矿砂>锆砂;原砂、粘结剂都不相同时,呋喃树脂砂>水玻璃砂。     

热等静压处理对K17合金元素偏析的影响

本文研究了热等静压(HIP)处理对K17合金主要含金元素偏析的影响.实验结果表明,热等静压处理可以显著减轻K_(17)合金主要合金元素的树枝状偏析和共晶反应偏析,使合金成分趋于均匀,从而抑制了σ相的析出.     

云南宁蒗地区区域构造格局及其演化规律与地质热事件

文章系统地叙述了宁蒗地区区域构造格局与区域地球物理场特征，揭示了构造的演化规律及其对不同时期地质热事件和相应建造、矿产的控制作用。     

C－B_4C－SiC复合材料的抗热震性能

对运用热压法制成的Ｃ－Ｂ４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料进行了抗热震性能的研究，发现样品经６００℃水淬热震后，抗弯强度反而提高，提高幅度为３％～４１％，且和它的相对密度、原始强度有关。作者从机理上初步解释了这种特异现象，认为这是微裂纹增韧强化和残余应力释放的协同作用而产生的现象。