Fast parallel algorithm for three-dimensional distance-driven model in iterative computed tomography reconstruction

The projection matrix model is used to describe the physical relationship between reconstructed object and projection.Such a model has a strong influence on projection and backprojection,two vital operations in iterative computed tomographic reconstruction.The distance-driven model(DDM) is a state-of-the-art technology that simulates forward and back projections.This model has a low computational complexity and a relatively high spatial resolution;however,it includes only a few methods in a parallel operation with a matched model scheme.This study introduces a fast and parallelizable algorithm to improve the traditional DDM for computing the parallel projection and backprojection operations.Our proposed model has been implemented on a GPU(graphic processing unit) platform and has achieved satisfactory computational efficiency with no approximation.The runtime for the projection and backprojection operations with our model is approximately 4.5 s and 10.5 s per loop,respectively,with an image size of 256×256×256 and 360 projections with a size of 512×512.We compare several general algorithms that have been proposed for maximizing GPU efficiency by using the unmatched projection/backprojection models in a parallel computation.The imaging resolution is not sacrificed and remains accurate during computed tomographic reconstruction.     

锂离子电池多孔电极理论的回顾与新思考

本文总结了Newman多孔电极理论的基本内容,提出若干改进思路. 提出基于离子-空穴耦合传输机制描述浓电解质中的离子输运过程,在此基础上引入离子-电子耦合转移反应的思想处理电极材料中的离子传输问题,并通过计算嵌锂材料的离子扩散系数验证其合理性. 总结了描述多孔电极多尺度结构的相关理论和技术,表明均质化方法和基于结构重建的介观模拟方法均能给出比较合理的有效输运参数,从而提高多孔电极理论模拟结果的准确性.     

Temperature‐Induced Structure Reconstruction to Prepare a Thermally Stable Single‐Atom Platinum Catalyst

Single‐atom noble metals on a catalyst support tend to migrate and agglomerate into nanoparticles owing to high surface free energy at elevated temperatures. Temperature‐induced structure reconstruction of a support can firmly anchor single‐atom Pt species to adapt to a high‐temperature environment. We used Mn₃O₄ as a restructurable support to load single‐atom Pt and further turned into single‐atom Pt‐on‐Mn₂O₃ catalyst via high‐temperature treatment, which is extremely stable under calcination conditions of 800 °C for 5 days in humid air. High‐valence Pt⁴⁺ with more covalent bonds on Mn₂O₃ are essential for anchoring isolated Pt atoms by strong interaction. An optimized catalyst formed by moderate H₂O₂ etching exhibits the best performance and excellent thermal stability of single‐atom Pt in high‐temperature CH₄ oxidation on account of more exposed Pt atoms and strong Pt‐Mn₂O₃ interaction.     

基于真彩切片的MRI图片颜色迁移及三维重构分析

借助于可视人工程的真彩图片作为常用MRI、CT等灰度图片彩色化的颜色迁移的彩色特性源本,以MRI切片和真彩图片的亮度、纹理和几何作为映射间的配准参数而进行合理的颜色转换,以弥补医学灰度图片伪彩色方案中各组织非对应的彩色映射关系.通过真彩图片与灰色图片的亮度分布曲线的调整和纹理特征关系的调整和配准而到有效和符合真实人体器...     

联合摄影及斜点样方法的单株植物冠层结构参数测量(Ⅰ):冠层三维重建

联合摄影、三维立体体元模型及光线跟踪法开展了面向高精度总面积指数(plant area index,PAI)测量的冠层精细三维模型重建研究.研究发现,冠层背景及天气条件对冠层影像分类影响显著;相机外方位元素解算精度受控制点精度影响较大,但受控制点数目影响相对较小.合理的单位体元大小及分区大小组合对于冠层三维重建至关重要,任意单位体元大小及分区大小组合可引起冠层三维重建异常.与立体体元大小相比,分区大小对冠层三维重建影响更为显著.     

锥形束图像重建的一般公式

在一般扫描路径背景下推广了Tuy反演公式,使得计算速度更快,实现了图像的快速重建．     

基于重构相图相似性检测的单相接地故障选相方法

配电线路在发生单相高阻接地故障时,由于故障特征微弱导致传统以求解电气参量为依据的选相方法存在困难.依据故障支路附加状态的三相电流中健全相与故障相存在幅值相角不一的差异,提出一种利用相空间重构方法对故障附加状态的三相电流进行升维重构,然后依据重构相轨迹图的差异作为故障特征进行单相接地故障选相的新方法.该方法可通过重构相轨...     

一种基于标记点的近景摄影测量系统

给出了一种基于标记点的鲁棒三维重建摄影测量系统;采用编码点和非编码点等标记点方式.为了减少不同图像间误匹配的概率,采用一种新的基于编码点的匹配方法,不同图像间非编码点的匹配从编码点开始,并通过相似性准则、模糊度准则和距离误差准则来剔除误匹配,可获得非常高的正确匹配率.采用一种新的基于标记点的加权迭代特征算法,用编码点恢复相机的投影矩阵,从而可以确定相机的外部姿态参数;用非编码点恢复3D坐标.与已有的加权迭代特征算法比较,该算法避免了所有点参与计算相机的投影矩阵,运算速度更快.由于采用标记点的亚像素定位方法,提高了3D重建精度.实验结果表明,在3D重建方面,该系统是强壮和精确的.     

正交匹配追踪算法的迭代残差重建方法

正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, OMP)算法是一种重要的压缩感知重构算法. OMP算法在每次迭代中选择与当前残差最相关的原子. 针对每次迭代需要重新计算残差的问题, 本文考虑偶数次迭代下残差未知的情况. 首先, 研究了奇数次迭代的残差与下一次迭代的残差之间的关系, 得到了一种偶数次迭代时选择原子的标准. 然后, 引入一种回溯机制来处理前面所得的迭代结果, 这种机制通过剔除其中多余的原子来实现精确重建. 据此, 提出了可减少计算残差的改进型正交匹配追踪算法.     

动态滤波反投影图像重建算法研究

图像重建算法是过程层析成像(Process Tomography,PT)中的关键技术之一.本文提出了一种动态滤波反投影算法(Active Filter Linear Back Projection,AFLBP),并进行了实验仿真.结果表明,采用AFLBP对ECT系统中图像进行重建,可使系统在保持快速成像的同时,较好地解决了敏感场的非均匀分布和固定灰度阈值造成的成像精度问题,大大提高了系统的成像精度.