泥螺内脏器官的组织病理学观察与分析

对健康和患病泥螺主要器官进行解剖学和组织学研究．患病泥螺外部症状不明显，肝、嗉囊、肠、鳃等组织细胞病变严重，上皮细胞游离面细胞膜溶解，细胞内类脂滴、溶酶体增多，线粒体等细胞器极少，核淡染，变形，核仁染色深，分裂为多个．组织中未发现细菌，也未见病毒颗粒及病毒包涵体．     

MALDI imaging reveals lipid changes in the skin of leprosy patients before and after multidrug therapy (MDT)

Leprosy still represents a health problem in several countries. Affecting skin and peripheral nerves, it may lead to permanent disabilities. Disturbances on skin lipid metabolism in leprosy were already observed; however, the localization and distribution of lipids could not be accessed. The role of lipids on infectious disease has been fully addressed only recently, as they directly influence immune response. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry provides a powerful tool to localize and identify lipids in tissues. The aim of this work was to study and compare the changes in lipid distribution of skin biopsies taken from leprosy patients before and after multidrug therapy (MDT). Different species of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine were detected. Differences in skin lipid signal intensities, as well as in their localization, were observed before and after MDT in every patient. In general, lipid distribution in the skin after MDT had a pattern similar to control skin samples, where most of the lipids were located in the upper part of the dermis and epidermis. This study opens paths to a better understanding of lipid functions in leprosy pathogenesis and immune response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大鼠急性肾功能衰竭模型功能及形态学改变

目的探讨急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)大鼠模型中的不同时段的肾功能及形态学的变化情况.方法将SD雄性大鼠后腿肌肉注射50%甘油,建构ARF模型,分别在1h,6h,12h,24h,36h,48h,72h,120h测定肾功能,观察肾组织形态学改变.结果建模后血清BUN6h开始上升,72h达高峰;血清Cr1h即开始升高,48h升至最高.肾组织24h后出现近曲小管上皮细胞崩解、坏死、尿液外渗;72h可见损伤部位再生的上皮细胞.结论通过肌肉注射甘油,可形成典型的急性肾小管坏死(ATN)模型.     

人工感染鸡传染性喉气管炎的病理组织学观察

采用人工感染的方法诱发鸡传染性喉气管炎,注射含传染性喉气管炎病毒鸡胚尿囊液后3d发病,其发病率为95%,主要症状为呼吸困难、气喘、咳出血样渗出物,剖检以喉头气管有黄白色假膜为特征,受侵害的气管粘膜肿胀、出血,导致糜烂,以致鸡死亡,死亡率为25%。分别取病死鸡的气管、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和脾脏,采用石蜡包埋,HE染色法,在显微镜下进行病理组织学观察。结果显示:实质器官为渗出性炎症;上皮细胞肿胀、变性、坏死、脱落和血液循环障碍。     

欧洲鳗鲡红头病病原及组织病理研究

从患红头病的欧洲鳗鲡肝脏中分离到S－Ⅰ、S－Ⅱ两株细菌,单独及混合回感结果表明S－Ⅰ、S－Ⅱ均对健康欧洲鳗鲡有致病力,混合感染时出现与自然发病相同的症状。根据菌体形态特征、培养特征和生理生化反应特征,S－Ⅰ、S－Ⅱ分别鉴定为鲁氏不动杆菌和温和气单胞菌。该病的组织病理特征为：吻部充血溃烂,鳃部严重充血,鳃小片毛细血管充血、渗出,呼吸上皮细胞肿大变性,与毛细血管分离;肝脏肿大具出血点,肝细胞肿大,胞浆与细胞膜分离,某些区域肝细胞大量坏死、解体。     

钙泊三醇软膏治疗寻常型银屑病的组织病理改变

目的：观察钙泊三醇软膏治疗寻常型银屑病的组织病理改变,并评价其疗效。方法：对60例寻常型银屑病患,应用质量分数为0．005％钙泊三醇软膏,每日2次,局部涂用,治疗前60例均经皮损活检确诊,治疗后6周对8例又进行了组织病理学复查,对比治疗前后组织病理的变化。结果：治疗前60例均有典型的寻常型银屑病组织病理改变,8例患治疗6周后复查,典型的银屑病组织病理变化基本消失,恢复到大致正常皮肤组织结构。结论：钙泊三醇软膏能有效改善银屑病患皮肤组织病理变化,促进皮损区病变消失,是目前治疗银屑病较理想的外用药物之一。     

亚慢性钐暴露对小鼠睾丸组织的影响

为了探讨稀土元素钐对雄性小鼠睾丸的毒性作用,让5组小鼠自由饮用含硝酸钐0,5,50,500,2000mg·L-1的溶液3个月后,观察钐对睾丸组织生化指标及组织病理学的影响。结果表明,各处理组睾丸结构遭到不同程度的破坏,尤其是精子和间质细胞大量减少。2000mg·L-1剂量组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力和500,2000mg·L-1剂量组乳酸脱氢酶X(LDH-X)活力均受到明显抑制;50,500,2000mg·L-1剂量组山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活力明显下降,而γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-GT)活力不受影响;随钐浓度的增加,Na+K+-ATPase,Mg2+-ATPase活力有“低促高抑”的趋势,Ca2+-ATPase活力则均呈抑制作用。说明亚慢性钐暴露对小鼠生殖性腺具有一定的毒性作用。