苦参素联合富硒酵母干预大鼠肝癌变进程中体征的动态变化

以二乙基亚硝胺(n-nitroso-diethylamin,DENA)为诱变剂建立SD大鼠肝癌变动物模型,同时用苦参素(oxymatrine,OMT)联合富硒酵母(selenium enriched yeast)对其进行干预.自诱癌之日起,分别在2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18周观察相关体征后,处死大鼠,取其肝脏组织,制作病理切片,对大鼠在肝癌演进及药物干预过程中的体征及组织病理学的动态变化进行研究.结果显示,干预组大鼠在体重、毛色、精神状态、肝脏外形及组织显微结构等方面均优于诱癌组,且从11w开始干预组体重极显著高于诱癌组(P<0.01).说明干预组大鼠在肝癌变进程上要滞缓于诱癌组,在癌前病变及肝癌期的生存质量明显优于诱癌组.提示OMT联合富硒酵母减弱了DENA诱发肝癌的作用,在一定程度上延缓了肝癌的发生发展.     

胃粘膜活检切片中幽门螺杆菌感染的临床病理分析

探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp)与胃粘膜病变的相互关系。应用Giemsa染色和Warthin-Starry染色方法检测645例胃粘膜活检标本中的Hp,总检出率为64．65％，其顺序为慢性浅表性胃炎＜慢性萎缩性胃炎＜胃溃疡＜胃癌。Hp感染与胃炎萎缩性，活动性，伴肠化生，腺上皮不典型增生，淋巴滤泡形成显著相关（P＜0．01）。故认为Hp感染可导致胃粘膜萎缩，肠化生，不典型增生，并与胃癌发生有关。     

鳖脾脏的正常组织学和病理组织学

鳖脾脏分为被膜和自由髓、红髓构成的实质，被膜较薄,小梁极不发达；白髓由动脉周围淋巴鞘构成，无淋巴小结；红髓由脾索和脾窦组成，脾窦不发达、病鳖脾脏的被膜血管肿胀；红髓淤血，白髓缩小并有红细胞存在，两者分界不清；病变严重的，脾内细胞坏死，呈无细胞结构状。     

香鱼嗜水气单胞菌染病后主要靶器官组织病理学观察

从患病香鱼的体腔液中分离获得嗜水气单胞菌病原,用培养稀释的菌液,经腹腔注射人工感染健康香鱼,出现典型出血症后,进行相关的组织病理变化的观察.组织病理显示：脾、肝、肠是细菌侵染重要的靶器官;且脾、肝、肠的变化主要表现为广泛的组织细胞变性、坏死,大量单核细胞、浆细胞等免疫细胞增生.病理超微切片观察显示：在患病香鱼脾脏组织中发现大量长2μm、宽0.5μm左右的细菌,脾脏细胞损伤主要表现为线粒体嵴消失、溶酶体增多,细胞间隙增大,细胞内出现空泡;肝脏主要表现为脂肪变性,溶酶体增多,线粒体嵴断裂、肝糖原颗粒减少;患病香鱼肠道细胞间隙变大,核蛋白体大量或全部脱落,线粒体膜破损,嵴断裂成髓样病变,形成髓样小体.     

中国对虾慢性亚硝酸盐和氨中毒的组织病理学研究

采用投喂鲜蛤肉、吸底、换入适量的沙滤水等常规的饲养方法,使试验水体的亚硝酸盐含量逐渐上升,氨浓度也高出洁净海水数倍,从而造成对虾中毒。结果表明：高浓度的亚硝酸盐和氨使得试验虾肝胰腺、胃、中肠和鳃等组织产生异常变化,出现从细胞肿胀到空泡化、坏死等一系列的组织病理学变化。     

Effective Microorganisms (EM) Improve Internal Organ Morphology,Intestinal Morphometry and Serum Biochemical Activity in Japanese Quails under Clostridium perfringens Challenge

The effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on internal organ morphology, intestinal morphometry, and serum biochemical activity in Japanese quails under Clostridium perfringens challenge was determined. After 30 days of EM addition, one group of quails was orally inoculated with Clostridium perfringens. The second group did not receive EM and was inoculated with C. perfringens. In the gut, EM supplementation reduced the number of lesions, enhanced gut health, and protected the mucosa from pathogenic bacteria. EM showed an anti-inflammatory effect and fewer necrotic lesions in villi. In the internal organs, EM showed a protective effect against a typical lesion of C. perfringens infection. Necrosis and degeneration of the hepatocytes, necrosis of bile ducts, and bile duct proliferation were more severe in the infected group without EM. Morphometric evaluation showed significantly higher villi in the jejunum after EM addition. A greater crypt depth was observed in the C. perfringens group. Biochemical analysis of the blood indicated lower cholesterol on the 12th day of the experiment and between-group differences in total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin levels in the EM group. Further studies are needed to improve EM activity against pathologic bacteria as a potential alternative to antibiotics and to develop future natural production systems.     

泥螺内脏器官的组织病理学观察与分析

对健康和患病泥螺主要器官进行解剖学和组织学研究．患病泥螺外部症状不明显，肝、嗉囊、肠、鳃等组织细胞病变严重，上皮细胞游离面细胞膜溶解，细胞内类脂滴、溶酶体增多，线粒体等细胞器极少，核淡染，变形，核仁染色深，分裂为多个．组织中未发现细菌，也未见病毒颗粒及病毒包涵体．     

MALDI imaging reveals lipid changes in the skin of leprosy patients before and after multidrug therapy (MDT)

Leprosy still represents a health problem in several countries. Affecting skin and peripheral nerves, it may lead to permanent disabilities. Disturbances on skin lipid metabolism in leprosy were already observed; however, the localization and distribution of lipids could not be accessed. The role of lipids on infectious disease has been fully addressed only recently, as they directly influence immune response. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry provides a powerful tool to localize and identify lipids in tissues. The aim of this work was to study and compare the changes in lipid distribution of skin biopsies taken from leprosy patients before and after multidrug therapy (MDT). Different species of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine were detected. Differences in skin lipid signal intensities, as well as in their localization, were observed before and after MDT in every patient. In general, lipid distribution in the skin after MDT had a pattern similar to control skin samples, where most of the lipids were located in the upper part of the dermis and epidermis. This study opens paths to a better understanding of lipid functions in leprosy pathogenesis and immune response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钙泊三醇软膏治疗寻常型银屑病的组织病理改变

目的：观察钙泊三醇软膏治疗寻常型银屑病的组织病理改变，并评价其疗效。方法：对60例寻常型银屑病患，应用质量分数为0．005％钙泊三醇软膏，每日2次，局部涂用，治疗前60例均经皮损活检确诊，治疗后6周对8例又进行了组织病理学复查，对比治疗前后组织病理的变化。结果：治疗前60例均有典型的寻常型银屑病组织病理改变，8例患治疗6周后复查，典型的银屑病组织病理变化基本消失，恢复到大致正常皮肤组织结构。结论：钙泊三醇软膏能有效改善银屑病患皮肤组织病理变化，促进皮损区病变消失，是目前治疗银屑病较理想的外用药物之一。