基于GIS的北京城市公园绿地景观格局分析

运用景观生态学和地理信息系统的理论与方法,按照斑块大小对北京城八区的公园绿地进行分类统计,计算出不同类型公园绿地的面积、数量等景观单元特征指数,计算出不同类型公园绿地的多样性指数、破碎化指数、分离度等景观异质性指数,在此基础上,进行公园绿地景观格局分维分析,得出如下结论:1)城市公园绿地类型组成不协调,大型公园比例偏大,小型、中小型公园比例偏小;2)城市公园绿地的布局不尽合理,城市中心缺乏“绿心”,局部过于分散。3)城市公园绿地多样性不高,景观破碎度大,特别是小型斑块,人为影响严重。在城八区中,海淀区的绿地景观相对比较好。4)公园绿地边界简单,分维数普遍较低,不利于生物多样性的保护。通过对公园绿地的景观格局分析,为北京公园绿地规划及绿色奥运建设提供决策支持。     

小鼠肺腺癌细胞系（LA－795）高、低转移潜能亚系的建立及其形态学比较

利用单细胞克隆化培养技术，对小鼠肺脓癌ＬＡ７９５细胞系进行单细胞克隆化培养，分离出８个亚系，体外培养３５代内生物学特性稳定，反复液氮冻存能复苏。将其中４个亚系细胞在裸鼠体内移植，结果命名为ＬＡ７９５－Ｃ６的细胞亚系较命名为ＬＡ７９５－Ｃ７的细胞亚系具有更大的肺转移能力，表明了母系确实存在转移潜能不同的异质细胞；将高、低转移潜能细胞体外培养，并进行形态学观察，发现高转移潜能细胞比低转移潜能细胞表现为更幼稚，且更具有生长活跃性的特点，说明高转移亚系ＬＡ７９５－Ｃ６和低转移亚系ＬＡ７９５－Ｃ７在体外培养存在着分化程度上的差异，且该肿瘤体内转移能力和体外培养细胞分化程度呈负相关。这提示体外培养的肿瘤细胞其分化程度和体内转移潜能有密切的矢系。     

一种识别储层非均质性的双示踪剂方法

根据非均质多孔介质渗流与示踪剂迁移理论,提出一种识别储层非均质性的双示踪剂方法,通过构建考虑层间绕流的非均质单管模型,对双示踪剂方法进行试验验证。该方法利用两种扩散系数存在明显差别的示踪剂(离子型化学示踪剂溴化钾KBr和颗粒型荧光标记示踪剂荧光碳纳米颗粒Cdot)分别反映非均质多孔介质的总孔隙体积和非均质多孔介质内流动区的孔隙体积,识别储层非均质性和评价注入水的波及状况。结果表明:均质条件下KBr和Cdot的穿透曲线基本重合,而非均质条件下KBr和Cdot的穿透曲线产生分离,且KBr和Cdot在多孔介质中的流体置换率或改变率fv值相差较大;在一定的注入速率条件下,通过分析KBr和Cdot的产出规律及其fv值的变化规律,可识别储层非均质性和评价注入水的波及状况,验证了双示踪剂方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于虚内键模型的非均质岩石破坏数值模拟

将非均质性引入虚内键模型中,采用Monte Carlo方法对岩石的非均质性进行赋值,并对岩石试样的动态破坏过程进行数值模拟.结果表明,对于红砂岩而言,当非均质性系数m=5时,虚内键模型的模拟结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性.     

晚期胃癌中的肿瘤异质性表达与侵袭转移的相关性研究

应用免疫组化和突变分析方法,分析晚期胃癌原发灶和转移灶nm23,S100A4和p53的表达差异,探讨肿瘤内部异质性在胃癌转移发生中的意义。结果发现转移抑制基因nm23在转移灶中的表达显著上调,转移促进基因S100A4在转移灶中的表达显著下调,癌基因p53在两者中的表达和突变没有明显差异。nm23在原发瘤中的表达下调以及S100A4和p53的过度表达与胃癌的高侵袭性显著相关。数据显示:nm23和S100A4在胃癌的转移中发挥作用,而p53是胃癌发生的一个晚期事件。     

复杂储层三重孔隙结构评价方法及其应用

复杂储层储集空间由孔、缝、洞组成,具有很强的非均质性。正确认识和评价复杂储层的形成机制、控制因素和分布规律,关系到油气勘探的成败和油气开发效率的高低。运用常规测井资料,建立了符合非均质各向异性特点的三重孔隙结构测井解释与评价模型,利用双重孔隙指数对孔隙度进行了校正,无须高新测井技术即可对复杂储层进行有效的评价。此方法在富台潜山油气藏应用中经试油检验,与实际符合率超过80%,证实该研究思路对复杂储层油气勘探具有推广应用前景。     

招标采购项目评审委员会团队知识异质性对团队绩效的影响——以团队冲突为中介

为探讨招标采购项目评审委员会团队知识异质性与团队冲突、团队绩效间的关系,以理论推导为基础,提出研究假设,构建了分析模型,运用回归方程模型验证了三者间的关系。结果表明：招标采购项目评审委员会团队知识异质性与团队绩效呈负相关关系,与认知冲突和情感冲突呈正相关关系;认知冲突与团队绩效间无相关关系,情感冲突在招标采购项目评审委员会团队知识异质性与团队绩效间发挥着部分中介作用。研究探明了招标采购项目评审委员会团队显性和隐性知识异质性特征的整体作用机制,发现了认知冲突风险和情感冲突风险的形成机制,揭示了认知冲突在团队组织系统运行与演化进程中的动态改变,扩大了组织行为理论基础的适用范围,丰富了组织行为领域的研究成果。     

Quantitative study of cellular heterogeneity in doxorubicin uptake and its pharmacological effect on cancer cells

Cellular heterogeneity in doxorubicin (DOX) uptake and its relationship with pharmacological effect on cancer cells were quantitatively investigated for the first time. An in vitro experimental model was established by treating human leukemia K562 and breast cancer MCF‐7 cells with different schedules of DOX with or without surface P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor verapamil (VER). The cellular heterogeneity in DOX uptake was quantitatively examined by single‐cell analysis using capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser‐induced fluorescence detection. The corresponding cytotoxic effect was tested by cellular morphology, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium and flow cytometry assays. The expression of cellular membrane surface P‐gp was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed that the cellular heterogeneity exists in DOX uptake. The single‐high DOX schedule leads to lower uptake heterogeneity and higher mean drug uptake. The cellular heterogeneity in DOX uptake was found to be negatively correlated with drug cytotoxicity and surface P‐gp expression, with r = ?0.7680 to ~ ?0.9587. VER reduces the cellular variation in DOX uptake, suggesting that surface P‐gp may be one of the causes of the cellular heterogeneity in DOX uptake. This research demonstrates the importance of quantitative study of cellular heterogeneity in drug uptake and its potential application in drug schedule design, response prediction and therapy modulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solvation Dynamics of a Radical Ion Pair in Micro‐Heterogeneous Binary Solvents: A Semi‐Quantitative Study Utilizing MARY Line‐Broadening Experiments

This work aims at elucidating the mechanism of solvation of a radical ion pair (RIP) in a micro‐heterogeneous binary solvent mixture using magnetically affected reaction yield (MARY) spectroscopy. For the exciplex‐forming 9,10‐dimethylanthracene/N,N‐dimethylaniline system a comparative, composition‐dependent MARY line‐broadening study is undertaken in a heterogeneous (toluene/dimethylsulfoxide) and a quasi‐homogenous (propyl acetate/butyronitrile) solvent mixture. The half‐saturation field extrapolated to zero‐quencher concentration, B_1/2, and the self‐exchange rate constants are analyzed in the light of solvent dynamical properties of the mixtures and a dielectric continuum solvation model. The dependence of B_1/2 on the solvent composition is explained by cluster formation giving rise to shortened RIP lifetimes. The results are in qualitative agreement with the continuum solvation model suggesting that it could serve as a theoretical basis for quantitative modeling.     

Supramolecular heterogeneity in β-turn forming synthetic tripeptides nucleated by isomers of fluorinated phenylalanine and aib as corner residues

The influences of fluorines in chemistry have emerged as a breakthrough in various arenas of bio-organic and medicinal chemistry. But its incorporation in β-turn design and its implications for supramolecular chemistry remains in a rudimentary stage. Inspired by the diversity displayed by the isomers of mono-fluorinated phenylalanine in biological sciences, here our effort is to modulate the solid state conformational analysis of three terminally protected synthetic tripeptides Boc-(Y)-F-Phe-Aib-Xaa-OMe, where (Y is (2)-F-Phe, Xaa; Leu in peptide I, (3)-F-Phe, Xaa; Leu in peptide II and (4)-F-Phe, Xaa; Ile in peptide III). Interestingly, all the three peptides display a conformational preference for β-turns, stabilized by 4→1 intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Our investigation further demonstrates that mere interchange of positions of fluorines in mono-fluorinated phenylalanine in peptides I–III introduces significant diversity in supramolecular chemistry. X-ray crystallography sheds some light at atomic resolution. Furthermore, this supramolecular heterogeneous behavior is evident from the morphologies obtained from the materials of all the three peptides grown from acetone to petroleum ether solution, studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Thus, these monofluorinated peptides I–III may serve as prominent candidates in understanding the structure and function of misfolded disease causing peptides like prion and Alzheimer's amyloid.