阴离子嵌段共聚的交联聚苯乙烯的网络链长多分散性与网络结构非均一性

用链长分布不同的活性聚苯乙烯子聚物与二乙烯基苯进行阴离子嵌段共聚,合成了一系列两相模型交联网络。以作者等提出的方法测定了所合成网络的结构非均一因子Z。实验测定的网络结构非均一因子Z与交联前聚苯乙烯活性链的分子量分布宽度指数d之间有平行的相应变化规律,表明所给予的非均一因子Z的物理意义是合理的。同时说明,子聚物链长分布较宽时,在网络的高交联区中除了二乙烯基苯外,还有一些对溶胀无贡献的子聚物以悬挂链的形式存在。     

Studies of surface properties of Na- and La-montmorillonites

This paper presents possible applications of thermal analysis, sorptometry and porosimetry to study physico-chemical properties of Na- and La-montmorillonite samples, especially for determination of total surface heterogeneity. The quasi-isothermal thermogravimetric (Q-TG) mass loss and its first derivative (Q-DTG) curves with respect to temperature and time obtained during programmed liquid thermodesorption under quasi-isothermal conditions have been used to study adsorbed layers and heterogeneous properties of the Na- and La-montmorillonites. Calculations of the desorption energy distribution functions by analytical procedure using mass loss Q-TG and differential mass loss Q-DTG curves of thermodesorption under quasi-isothermal conditions of polar and non-polar liquid vapours preadsorbed on a material surface are presented. Parameters relating to porosity of samples were determined by sorptometry, mercury porosimetry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From nitrogen sorption isotherms from sorptometry and porosimetry methods, the fractal dimensions of montmorillonites have been calculated. Moreover, a new approach is proposed to calculate fractal dimensions of materials obtained from Q-TG curve; this is compared with values obtained by the above methods. The total heterogeneous properties (energy distribution function and pore-size distribution functions) of samples studied were estimated. The radius and pore volume of the tested samples calculated on the basis of thermogravimetry, sorptometry and porosimetry techniques were compared and good correlations obtained.     

Controlled-rate thermal analysis

Controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the adsorbed water layers and the surface properties of different commercial activated carbons. A simple method is proposed to obtain information on the properties of the adsorbed water film and the surface heterogeneity of the materials studied. This method utilizes TG mass loss and the first derivative of the DTG mass loss curves with respect to temperature and time, obtained during programmed liquid thermodesorption. The obtained TG mass loss curves, which reflect the energetic heterogeneity, consisted of steps and inflections which were associated with the mechanism of wetting of the solid surfaces. The heights of these steps and inflections depend on the adsorption capacity, the adsorption potential and the nature and number of the active centers of the carbon samples studied. The values of the total porosity and the surface phase capacity obtained by this method are in good agreement with those estimated on the basis of independent methods. The behaviour of water/carbon samples was studied by means of DSC at subambient and elevated temperatures. The experimental results provided novel data on the structural heterogeneity, the thermal stability of the water/carbon interface and its phase and structural transitions.Support from the Research Council of Kent State University (Ohio, USA) is acknowledged. The author is pleased to thank Drs M. Jaroniec, R. K. Gilpin, J. Choma and R. Dobrowolski for fruitful discussions and the active carbon samples.     

Determination of total heterogeneity and fractal dimensions of high-temperature superconductors

Using thermo-analytical and sorptometric methods physicochemical properties and especially surface heterogeneity of HgBa₂Ca₂Cu₃O₈₊, (Hg-1223) was investigated. The desorption energy distribution was derived from mass loss Q-TG and differential mass loss Q-DTG curves of thermodesorption in quasi-isothermal conditions of pre-adsorbed n-octane and water vapour. It is shown that the superconducting Hg-1223 phase is highly sensitive to water vapours. The mechanism of water adsorption depends largely on the activation time. By water vapour saturation in a period of 90 min, physisorption takes place. Prolonged periods result in a chemical decomposition. From nitrogen ad- and desorption isotherms the fractal dimension of superconductors were calculated. A new approach is proposed to calculate fractal dimension from Q-TG curves.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Topologies of capillary condensation

Calculations are presented to illustrate the dependence of capillary adsorption upon the interactions present in model pores. The sequence of phase transitions at zero temperature is determined for a Lennard-Jones lattice gas in a pore consisting of 4 × 4 × sites. The dependence of the specific filling sequence upon the comparative strength of the gas-pore wall and the gas-gas interaction well-depths is determined. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of sorption at finite temperature in the continuum version of the same model pore are also reported. Both the theory and the simulations were performed with variable gas-solid and gas-gas energy well-depths. At a temperature of 90 K, the gas-solid heterogeneity associated with atoms adsorbed in the corners, on the walls and in the interior pore volume gives rise to sequential adsorption similar to that observed in the lattice gas calculation at 0 K. A gradual approach to non-wetting behavior is observed as the gas-solid well-depth decreases. Values of the gas-solid well-depth needed to produce pore filling at saturation (i.e., pore-wetting) are discussed.     

The Studies of the Heterogeneous Properties of Solid Surfaces by Means of the Derivatograph Q-1500 D

A simple method has been adopted to obtain an important information on the heterogeneous properties of materials studied, adsorbed liquid films and liquid-solid interactions. The method utilizes Q-TG mass loss and the first derivative Q-DTG mass loss curves with respect to temperature and time obtained during programmed liquid thermodesorption in quasi-isothermal conditions. The values of the adsorption capacity, total porosity of material, the value of active centers, desorption energy distribution and mesopore-size distribution functions obtained by this method are in good agreement with those estimated on the basis of independent methods. The theoretical and experimental results provided novel and unique data on the heterogeneity of solid surfaces, properties of liquid adsorbed films and thermal stability of the liquid/solid interfaces. This paper presents the more important results obtained so far in the studies the liquid/solid systems by means of the Paulik's classical and quasi-isothermal techniques. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

准噶尔盆地陆东地区白垩系储层特征及其主控因素

从岩石学特征、成岩作用、孔隙类型、结构特征以及储层性质的主要影响因素等方面 ,对准噶尔盆地陆东地区白垩系储层进行了研究。结果表明 ,储层岩石为长石质岩屑砂岩 ,成岩作用进入早成岩B亚期 ;孔隙类型主要为原生残余粒间孔 ,另有少量的溶蚀孔及微孔隙。该储层孔隙结构非均质性强 ,呼二段中粗孔喉最多 ,呼一段次之 ,连木沁组多为中孔细喉和较细喉 ,清水河组为细孔、细喉。储层性质差别较大 ,呼一段、呼二段为中孔、中渗储层 ,连木沁组为低孔、低渗储层 ,清水河组为低孔、特低渗储层。储层性质主要受沉积相、古气候、压实作用及砂岩粒径等因素的影响。     

消费者行为分析中贴现因子的确定方法研究

在比较固定贴现因子法及参数评估法的基础上，提出了用异质偏好函数法来确定贴现因子，并用实际的数据库验证了异质偏好函数法确定贴现因子在消费者行为模型的适应性方面比前两种方法优越，还讨论了三种方法的使用原则。另外，还提出了在考虑客户偏好异质性时，消费者行为建模所应考虑的主要变量。     

非均质油藏数值模拟的网络自动剖分

本文所提出的自动网格生成和调整方法适于有限差分模拟器网格，最终块尽可能地关于某个参数为均质（如孔隙度，渗透率），均质网格块是我们在流变模拟研究中所希望的，因为它使块的平均有效性质评价更容易。     

高30断块沙二段储层岩石及物性特征研究

储层岩石及物性特征是影响油田开发的重要因素 .通过岩心物性分析、X -衍射分析、岩心流动实验、岩石薄片鉴定和铸体薄片孔隙结构鉴定、毛管压力曲线测定等手段 ,对高 3 0断块沙二段储层的岩石学特征、储层物性特征、储集空间特征、孔隙结构参数及孔喉分布特征以及储层非均质性特征进行了全面深入的研究 .研究结果表明 :该断块主要由河道沉积的细砂岩—极细砂岩组成 ,从平面分布看 ,构造中部物性较好 ,西南部次之 ,北东部较差 ,这与生产状况吻合 ;该区砂体的主要储集空间是次生孔隙 ,粒间溶孔是主要孔隙类型 ,约占总孔隙度的 70 %～ 80 %,其次是填隙物内溶孔 ,约占总孔隙度的 2 0 %～ 2 5 %,粒内溶孔及铸模孔所占比例较小 ,占总孔隙度的 1 %～ 5 %;孔隙结构类型为中孔—中喉型和中孔—细喉型 ,该区油藏渗透率低 ,宏观及微观非均质性严重 .根据类似油藏的开发经验 ,中低含水期只能采出可采储量的三分之一左右 ,高含水期将是该断块注水开发的一个重要阶段