Conformational Studies on Polytripeptides as a Model of Collagen

To study the role of glycine residues in stabilizing the collagen triple helix, the glycine residues in the polytripeptide (Pro-Ala-Gly)_n were partially replaced by alanine. The proline content was kept constant. The stability of the helical conformation of these polypeptides was studied by IR- and X-ray measurements in the solid state and by ORD, CD and viscometry in solution. The renaturation was followed as a function of time. All the polytripeptides studied, with the exception of (-Pro-Ala-Ala-)_n attained the polyproline II conformation. However the stability decreased with increasing alanine content. Obviously the molecules of (-Pro-Ala-Gly-) are highly associated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and one may therefore suppose that a triple-stranded helix aggregation occurs. The results of the refolding process show that the stability of the helices seems to also affect the refolding rate in terms of the optical rotation, Two transitions appeared: the first one is responsible for a rapid reversible change in conformation and the second one for a further slow and irreversible change in the hydrodynamic shape. The latter seems to be due to the partial helical nature, leading to higher chain mobility.     

New (1R,4R)-2-arylidene-p-menthan-3-ones with a bridging ester group in the arylidene fragment. Synthesis and behavior in liquid-crystalline systems

(1R,4R)-2-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)- and (1R,4R)-2-(4"-hydroxybiphenyl-4-yl)methylene-p-menthan-3-ones were synthesized by condensation of (–)-menthone with O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl derivatives of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4"-hydroxy-4-formylbiphenyl, respectively, in a DMSO—base medium followed by the removal of the protective group. The reactions of these hydroxy derivatives with 4-alkylbenzoic, 4-alkyloxybenzoic, trans-4-alkylcyclohexane-4-carboxylic, and 4"-alkylbiphenyl-4-carboxylic acids afforded three series of new chiral esters. Compounds containing the arylidene moiety with three benzene rings were found to exhibit liquid-crystalline properties. The characteristic features of these compounds are discussed based on the results of studies by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. It was found that the mesomorphic compounds under study can form a smectic A mesophase, twist grain boundary mesophases (TGBA), and blue phases in a wide temperature range. Upon dissolution of certain of chiral compounds in 4"-cyano-4-pentylbiphenyl, a rather high twisting power and the thermal stabilizing effect on mesophases were observed.     

De novo design, synthesis, and function of semiartificial myoglobin conjugated with coiled-coil two-alpha-helix peptides

The introduction of a flavin chromophore on the myoglobin (Mb) surface and an effective electron-transfer (ET) reaction through the flavin were successfully achieved by utilizing the self-assembly of heterostranded coiled-coil peptides. We have prepared a semiartificial Mb, named Mb-1alphaK, in which an amphiphilic and cationic alpha-helix peptide is conjugated at the heme propionate (Heme-1alphaK). Heme-1alphaK has a covalently bound iron-protoporphyrin IX (heme) at the N terminus of a 1alphaK peptide sequence. This sequence was designed to form a heterostranded coiled-coil in the presence of a counterpart amphiphilic and anionic 1alphaE peptide sequence in a parallel orientation. Two peptides, Fla(1)-1alphaE and Fla(31)-1alphaE, both incorporating a 10-methylisoalloxazine moiety as an artificial flavin molecule, were also prepared (Fla=2-[7-(10-methyl)isoalloxazinyl]-2-oxoethyl). Heme-1alphaK was successfully inserted into apomyoglobin to give Mb-1alphaK. Mb-1alphaK recognized the flavin-modified peptides and a two-alpha-helix structure was formed. In addition, an efficient ET from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the heme center through the flavin unit was observed. The ET rate was faster in the presence of Fla(1)-1alphaE than in the presence of Fla(31)-1alphaE or the equivalent molecule that has no peptide chain. These results demonstrate that the introduction of a functional chromophore on the Mb surface can be achieved by using specific peptide-peptide interactions. Moreover, the dependence of the ET rate on the position of the flavin indicated that the distance between the heme active site and the flavin chromophore was regulated by the three-dimensional structure of the designed polypeptide.     

非圆斜齿轮滚切加工的联动控制模型

分析了传统滚齿机不宜加工非圆斜齿轮的原因，并针对用数控滚齿机滚切加工非圆斜齿轮的动轴线变传动比的复杂运动几何关系，综合运用螺旋齿啮合原理和工具斜齿条法，设计出非圆斜齿轮滚切加工的2种CNC联动控制方案，经推证它们是四坐标联动；同时设计出非圆斜齿轮滚切加工CNC联动控制的一般原理图．     

基于PLC的高炉鼓风机控制系统的设计与实现

简要阐述了用常规仪表控制高炉鼓风机存在的问题，并针对高炉风机的工艺着重介绍PLC控制系统的硬件配置及软件功能，该系统能够实现了高炉鼓风机的自动控制。     

PWR蒸汽发生器中一、二次汽水分离器研究

对ＰＷＲ蒸汽发生器中一次汽水分离器的汽水两相充分分层高度、三种改进型二次汽水分离器及一、二次汽水分离器的分离性能在水－空气试验台上进行了一系列试验研究，并对二次汽水分离器作了探索性研究     

轴向磁场中弱自转对电弧的螺旋不稳定性的影响

为了明确弱自转对电弧的螺旋不稳定性的影响，采用势物型电导率和与时间有关的线性微扰理论，给出了有弱自转存在的热热分布（温度分布）、稳定性条件以及不稳定性增长率等定量结果；得出了迎着外加磁场方向，自转为顺时针方向时，稳定区域增大；反之，减小。     

导叶式混流泵叶片三坐标测量分析

针对导叶式混流泵叶片在实施加工前测量困难或无法测量的问题,应用UG软件对叶片型面进行分析,运用坐标转换原理对叶片尺寸实施坐标转换,为叶片的准确测量提供了最终的优化方案。     

旋叶式压缩机的滑片顶部形状研究

通过建立旋叶式压缩机中滑片顶部与气缸壁接触点的运动关系式,得到了滑片顶部形状对接触点运动的影响规律,并由此分析了滑片顶部圆弧的形状对润滑及磨损的影响.理论计算及分析表明:存在滑片顶部圆弧的半径RV及圆心偏离滑片中心线的距离Rd的最佳值,使得滑片与气缸壁间能够形成良好的润滑条件,且接触点在整个滑片顶部圆弧范围内移动,不出现"尖点滑移"的现象.RV、Rd依气缸壁型线、滑片厚度、滑片倾斜角的不同而异.依据上述理论,对某工业用压缩机的滑片顶部形状进行了优化.试验研究表明,经800h运转后的滑片形状与优化的顶部圆弧形状相近,从而验证了本文理论分析的合理性.     

含邻苯二酚基团N-炔丙基酰胺螺旋聚合物对金属离子的吸附研究

设计合成了一类侧链上含有邻苯二酚基团的N-炔丙基酰胺螺旋聚合物,研究了其对水溶液中的Fe(Ⅲ), Ni(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ) 3种金属离子的吸附行为。结果表明,两种金属离子共存时存在竞争吸附,三者的竞争吸附关系为Fe(Ⅲ)＞Cu(Ⅱ)＞Ni(Ⅱ);共聚物吸附Fe(Ⅲ)的动力学过程可用准一级动力学模型来描述;吸附后所形成的Fe(Ⅲ)络合物中,聚合物的二级结构随Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附量变化而变化,两者之间存在定性关系。