剪切和扭转工况下微纳米薄壁蜂窝的等效剪切模量计算

分别针对剪切和扭转两种工况给出了微纳米薄壁蜂窝等效剪切模量的解析计算方法.该方法综合考虑了由面板对芯层的约束导致的高度效应和当蜂窝胞壁厚度进入微纳米量级时引起的尺度效应.首先对蜂窝各胞壁选取了可反映面板约束以及受力状态的三角级数位移场,然后在本构关系中引入修正偶应力理论以描述尺度效应,最后应用能量均匀化方法求得蜂窝的等效剪切模量.以典型六边形蜂窝为例,给出了完整的计算过程和结果.与文献中的等效剪切模量结果进行对比,讨论了不同工况下等效剪切模量随芯层高度和胞壁厚度的变化趋势,以及高度效应和尺度效应之间的相互影响.     

Techniques of PIV in stratified two-phase headers

The stratification of two fluid phases, namely gas and liquid, within flow distribution devices, such as headers, that have side or bottom oriented fluid pipe connections, or discharges, has shown relevance to loss-of-coolant accidents in nuclear power plants. Under critical conditions the gas phase could entrain into the predominantly liquid discharge flow causing the fluid quality to be dramatically affected. This condition is referred to as the onset of gas entrainment (OGE) phenomenon and it occurs at a specific critical liquid height which changes with the Froude number. The liquid velocity field at the OGE is of importance, for example, to theorists who may find a semi-empirical approach to model this phenomenon. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is an excellent candidate for non-intrusively investigating the velocity field. The liquid-phase velocity field was investigated for three discharge Froude numbers at the OGE. It was found that the stereoscopic PIV could be used to extract the velocity field experimentally, yet a high degree of error was found in the region closest to the discharge. The relative error was determined through conservation of mass by comparing the flow rate obtained with the PIV data to that obtained using a flow meter. In summary it was found that the number of image planes used, the resolution of the image planes, and consequently the number of vectors used to calculate the flow rate, all contributed a great deal to the relative error.     

An improvement of frozen-image model and its application in a HTS levitation system

This paper mainly reports an improvement of frozen-image model which can qualitatively describe the influence of lateral moving speed on vertical force in a HTS levitation system under lateral movement with field-cooling condition. The model is improved by introducing a dipole which represents the influence of lateral moving speed and modifying the rule of diamagnetic dipole based on frozen-image model. The vertical and lateral forces that are obtained by this improved model agree with the previous measurements qualitatively. This model can also describe the effect of finite scale of superconductor sample in a levitation system.     

Some families of combinatorial and other series identities and their applications

The main object of this presentation is to show how some simple combinatorial identities can lead to several general families of combinatorial and other series identities as well as summation formulas associated with the Fox-Wright function _pΨ_q and various related generalized hypergeometric functions. At least one of the hypergeometric summation formulas, which is derived here in this manner, has already found a remarkable application in producing several interesting generalizations of the Karlsson-Minton summation formula. We also consider a number of other combinatorial series identities and rational sums which were proven, in recent works, by using different methods and techniques. We show that much more general results can be derived by means of certain summation theorems for hypergeometric series. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those in the aforementioned investigations are also considered.     

Some properties for a class of interchange graphs

The Wiener number is the sum of distances between all pairs of vertices of a connected graph. In this paper, we give an explicit algebraic formula for the Wiener number of a class of interchange graphs. Moreover, distance-related properties and cliques of this class of interchange graphs are investigated.     

A cubic spline approximation and application of TAGE iterative method for the solution of two point boundary value problems with forcing function in integral form

In this article, we report an efficient high order numerical method based on cubic spline approximation and application of alternating group explicit method for the solution of two point non-linear boundary value problems, whose forcing functions are in integral form, on a non-uniform mesh. The proposed method is applicable when the internal grid points of solution interval are odd in number. The proposed cubic spline method is also applicable to integro-differential equations having singularities. Computational results are given to demonstrate the utility of the method.     

树干液流对环境变化响应研究的整合分析

【目的】从生态系统和全球尺度上考察了树干液流和生物及非生物因子之间的关系,将影响因子参数化以进行全球树干液流的估计,量化比较人为控制环境试验对液流的影响。【方法】采用数据整合分析方法,收集2001—2019年树干液流相关研究数据,从森林生态系统和全球尺度上研究树干液流密度(Fd)对生物和非生物因子的响应,并对树干液流与年平均温度(MAT)、年平均降水量(MAP)、饱和水汽压亏缺(VPD)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、土壤含水率(ρ)等主要影响因子的关系进行多元回归分析。【结果】胸径(DBH)和叶面积指数(LAI)都与Fd在生物群落和全球尺度上高度相关;VPD与Fd呈负相关关系;通过MAT、MAP、VPD、DBH和土壤体积含水率建立参数化模型可以估算树干液流密度;不同控制试验通过影响环境因子,进而影响森林蒸腾。【结论】树干液流主要受到自身生物因子和环境因子的影响并且影响程度因生态系统而异,人为活动可导致环境因子改变进而影响树干液流及蒸腾。     

圆柱直齿轮铣削加工无干涉刀具路径规划

针对圆柱直齿轮的多轴铣削精加工, 提出一种无干涉刀具路径规划方法. 首先,建立齿轮包络铣削运动模型,准确描述铣刀和工件之间的运动关系;其次,在齿轮齿廓精确模型描述的基础上,通过残留高度曲线与刀具圆弧的求交,计算出残留高度点;根据残留高度点到刀具圆弧中心之间的距离等于刀具半径,计算出刀具路径曲线上的下一刀位点;依次递推计算出等残留高度进给下的所有刀位点;再次,以等残留高度刀位点计算结果为基础,残留高度约束下,计算出等弧长进给和等径向进给的刀位点;然后,通过距离法判断刀具与工件是否存在全局干涉,给出刀具不同刀位点对应的刀偏角,局部干涉通过调整刀具半径来避免;最后,通过仿真计算实例验证所提出方法的可行性和有效性.     

Towards porous polymer monoliths for the efficient, retention-independent performance in the isocratic separation of small molecules by means of nano-liquid chromatography

We have investigated the free-radical copolymerization dynamics of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of micro- and macro-porogenic diluents in 100 μm I.D. sized molds under conditions of slow thermal initiation leading to (macro)porous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monolithic scaffolds. These specifically designed experiments allowed the quantitative determination of monomer specific conversion against polymerization time to derive the porous polymer scaffold composition at each desirable copolymerization stage after phase separation. This was carried out over a time scale of 3h up to 48 h polymerization time, enabling the efficient and repeatable termination of the polymerization reactions. In parallel, the porous and hydrodynamic properties of the derived monolithic columns were thoroughly studied in isocratic nano-LC mode for the reversed-phase separation of a homologous series of small retained molecules. At the optimized initiator concentration, polymerization temperature and time, the macroporous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths show a permanent mesoporous pore space, which was readily observable by electron microscopy and indicated by nitrogen adsorption experiments. Under these conditions, we consistently find a polymer scaffold composition which suggests a high degree of cross-linking and thus minimum amount of gel porosity. These columns reveal a retention-insensitive plate height in the separation of small retained molecules which only slightly decreases at increased linear mobile phase velocity. As the polymerization progresses, a build-up of less-densely cross-linked material occurs, which is directly reflected in the observed consistent increase in retention and plate heights. This leads to a significant deterioration in overall isocratic separation performance. The decrease in performance is ascribed in particular to the increased mass transfer resistance governing the monoliths' performance over the whole linear chromatographic flow velocity range at polymerization times significantly higher than that of phase separation. The performance of the optimized monoliths only becomes limited by fluid dispersion due to the poorly structured macroporous pore space.     

Phase equilibria modeling of biodiesel related mixtures using the GCA-EoS model

In this work, a group-contribution equation of state that takes into account association effects (GCA-EoS) is extended to model the phase behavior of fatty esters (biodiesel) in binary mixtures with glycerol, alcohols and water and ternary mixtures with glycerol and methanol. A new associating group (glycerol hydroxyl group: OH^Gly) was defined to take into consideration the association effects in the glycerol molecule. Self-association of methanol, water and glycerol and cross-association between methanol–glycerol, alcohol–ester, water–ester and glycerol–ester groups were considered. New pure-group, binary interaction and association parameters have been determined. The correlations and predictions of the model are found in acceptable agreement with selected experimental data reported in the literature.