"构造控灾"理论与"绿色矿区"建设

构造介质、构造形态、构造界面、构造应力相互影响,相互制约,协同作用,为人类地下采矿活动营造了一个特殊的环境——构造环境。在不同的构造环境下,同样强度的地下采矿活动所引起的煤矿区地面沉陷、断陷、开裂的致灾程度有明显差异。与地下开采有关的煤矿区地表环境灾害,虽然源于采动,但其形成与发展,本质上受控于该区域构造环境的内在结构和动态因素。构造环境是决定煤矿区地质环境承载能力的重要因素之一。在开采之前,根据煤矿区构造环境,结合煤矿区土地利用类型对地表移动变形及地下水位变化的敏感度,科学评价煤矿区地质环境的承载能力,为合理规划开采区域或开采强度提供科学依据,是建设"绿色矿区"的基础性工作。     

Regulatory use of (Q)SARs in toxicological hazard assessment strategies

In 2001, the European Commission published a policy statement ("White Paper") on future chemicals regulation and risk reduction that proposed the use of non-animal test systems and tailor-made testing approaches, including (Q)SARs, to reduce financial costs and the number of test animals employed. The authors have compiled a database containing data submitted within the EU chemicals notification procedure. From these data, (Q)SARs for the prediction of local irritation/corrosion and/or sensitisation potential were developed and published. These (Q)SARs, together with an expert system supporting their use, will be submitted for official validation and application within regulatory hazard assessment strategies. The main features are: ? two sets of structural alerts for the prediction of skin sensitisation hazard classification as defined by the European risk phrase R43, comprising 15 rules for chemical substructures deemed to be sensitising by direct action with cells or proteins, and three rules for substructures acting indirectly, i.e., requiring biochemical transformation; ? a decision support system (DSS) for the prediction of skin and/or eye lesion potential built from information extracted from our database. This DSS combines SARs defining reactive chemical substructures relevant for local lesions to be classified, and QSARs for the prediction of the absence of such a potential. The role of the BfR database, and (Q)SARs derived from it, in the use of current and future (EU) testing strategies for irritation and sensitisation is discussed.     

重庆市地质灾害风险评估系统

以GIS系列工具软件为基础平台,采用GIS技术支持的专门用于重庆市地质灾害评估的应用系统GHAIS、B/S结构,通过对重庆市空间数据的获取、存储、查询、空间分析,实施点、面或者区域内的灾害评估、易损性评估、破坏损失评估、防治工程效益评估等,以简单的数据输入和操作,获取所需要的地质灾害性评估结果(图形或数据),为有关部门的灾害预测预报以及选取有效而科学的防灾、减灾和救灾措施提供依据.