新工科背景下建筑类高校大学物理教学改革探究

大学物理是高等院校理工类各专业大学生的一门重要的公共基础必修课.本文结合新工科背景和时代特点,以天津城建大学大学物理教学为例,介绍了其所进行的一系列探索性教学创新改革,并对创新效果和存在的“痛点”问题进行了分析总结,探索了培养具有扎实物理功底的建筑类人才的有效途径.     

平台架构概念设计阶段车身结构优化方法

针对平台架构概念设计阶段的车身结构优化问题,创造性地提出一种新的方法,包含3个阶段：第1阶段为考虑真实碰撞载荷,利用多模型优化法（MMO）进行综合工况下的车身全局拓扑优化,解读不同的传力路径;第2阶段为考虑平台架构高低姿态车型,利用SFE CONCEPT软件建立不同传力路径下的车身参数化模型,进行不同动力下的结构对比分析及优化,确定车身传力路径形式;第3阶段为基于近似模型法的车身截面优化和基于等效静态载荷（ESL）法的车身料厚优化,并将优化方案代入高低姿态车型,在不同动力类型下进行验证及优化,保证车身结构处于平台架构目标性能带宽下。在某车企的平台架构概念设计阶段,利用该方法对车身结构进行了优化,验证了该方法的工程可实施性。     

我国城市交通发展中的关键问题及对策建议

从我国城市和城市交通发展的实际出发,分析城市交通设施建设用地、交通与土地利用之间的关系、城市交通体系结构、城市道路网络等级体系结构、步行与自行车交通、城市停车、智慧交通、信息共享和交通研究等问题.在此基础上,提出了调整构建四个体系,颁布一部法律,建设共享开放的数据库,发展城市综合智慧交通,以及利用大数据提升交通研究水平等发展对策建议.     

扒楼沟剖面二叠系辫状河砂体构型与非均质性特征

通过露头实测、精细解剖与岩相分析等方法,结合岩石薄片与物性资料,对山西保德扒楼沟剖面二叠系山西组辫状河砂体的构型与非均质性特征进行系统研究。结果表明:辫状河主要发育河道和心滩2种成因砂体,河道砂体的垂向岩相组合为Ge-St,心滩砂体的垂向岩相组合为Ge-Sm-M-Sm-Sp-M-Sp或Ge-Sm-St-Sm-St-Sp-M-Sp;辫状河砂体可划分为5级构型单元,由小到大分别是层系、层系组、心滩/河道增生单元、心滩/辫状河道、单期河道,河道砂体由多个增生单元在垂向上加积构成,心滩砂体由多个增生单元与串沟砂体在垂向上加积构成,内部发育泥质夹层;心滩砂体物性优于河道砂体,非均质性相对较弱,整体可以作为优质储层,而河道砂体仅在靠近河心的部位物性较好,可作为优质储层;心滩砂体内规模较大的泥质夹层附近和河道砂体的边部及中上部可聚集剩余油,且心滩砂体内剩余油储量相对河道砂体较大。     

A new three-connected metal-organic coordination polymer with helical motifs: synthesis,crystal structure and photoluminescence

An interesting metal-organic network with helical motifs, {[Zn₂(mpdc)₂(bpy)(H₂O)₂]?·?2H₂O} (1, mpdc?=?2,6-dimethyl pyrdine-3,5-dicarboxylate), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis indicates that the title compound crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice, P2(1)/c with a?=?7.811(2), b?=?12.324(3), c?=?15.794(4)A, β?=?98.206(4)°, Z?=?2, V?=?1504.8(7)?ų, D _c?=?1.704?Mg?m^?3, F(000)?=?816, R ₁?=?0.0379, wR ₂?=?0.0807. In the structure of 1 the helical strands composed of [Zn(mpdc)(H₂O)] array in an interlacing fashion, and trap solvated water molecules to assemble a novel supramolecular network. Compound 1 exhibits strong photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature.     

Supramolecular architecture built of Co(II) and a tripodal ligand containing 1-D water tapes with (H2O)16 cluster units

The reaction of Co(NO₃)₂?·?6H₂O with a tripodal ligand leads to a new complex {[Co(L)]?·?2NO₃?·?8H₂O} (1) confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The particular interest of 1 is in the formation of a 1-D water tape consisting of (H₂O)₁₆ cluster units, the neighboring water tapes are connected by free nitrate anions via hydrogen bonds into a 2-D guest layer. These guest layers are alternately packed face-to-face with the 2-D host layers along the a-axis to form a 3-D supramolecular architecture. There exist C–H?···?N and C–H?···?O weak hydrogen bonds between the guest layer and host layer. These weak hydrogen bonds and water–nitrate, water–water hydrogen bonds are important for the stability of the overall structure.     

Novel Biodegradable Block Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Cationic Polycarbonate: Effects of PEG Configuration on Gene Delivery

A novel amine‐functionalized polycarbonate was synthesized and its excellent gene transfection ability in vitro is demonstrated. In the framework of adapting the cationic polycarbonate for in vivo gene delivery applications, here the design and synthesis of biodegradable block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and amine‐functionalized polycarbonate with a well‐defined molecular architecture and molecular weight is achieved by metal‐free organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization. Copolymers in triblock cationic polycarbonate‐block‐PEG‐block‐cationic polycarbonate and diblock PEG‐block‐cationic polycarbonate configurations, in comparison with a non‐PEGylated cationic polycarbonate control, are investigated for their influence on key aspects of gene delivery. Among the polymers with similar molecular weights and N content, the triblock copolymer exhibit more favorable physicochemical (i.e., DNA binding, size, zeta‐potential, and in vitro stability) and biological (i.e., cellular uptake and luciferase reporter gene expression) properties. Importantly, the various cationic polycarbonate/DNA complexes are biocompatible, inducing minimal cytotoxicities and hemolysis. These results suggest that the triblock copolymer is a more useful architecture in future cationic polymer designs for successful systemic therapeutic applications.     

Pomegranate‐Inspired Design of Highly Active and Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Metal–Air Batteries

Rational design of highly active and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions is critical for rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, we report the design and development of composite electrocatalysts based on transition metal oxide nanocrystals embedded in a nitrogen‐doped, partially graphitized carbon framework. Benefiting from the unique pomegranate‐like architecture, the composite catalysts possess abundant active sites, strong synergetic coupling, enhanced electron transfer, and high efficiencies in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Co₃O₄‐based composite electrocatalyst exhibited a high half‐wave potential of 0.842 V for ORR, and a low overpotential of only 450 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^?2 for OER. A single‐cell zinc–air battery was also fabricated with superior durability, holding great promise in the practical implementation of rechargeable metal–air batteries.     

丹巴民居传统技术建造手段研究

传统建造技术在长期经验积累下,具有天然的"可持续发展"特征.通过对四川省丹巴县中路乡克格依村一栋传统碉房民居的具体建造方法和使用情况的研究,分析了其中传统技术建造手段的应用.从川藏地区丹巴民居出发,总结了民居传统技术建造的特点,分析了其中设计、建造与使用的生态性要素,并对新时代背景下传统民居建造逐渐消亡的现象进行反思.     

面向5G的网络切片管理方案

随着5G愿景和概念的清晰,网络切片已逐渐成为解决多种使用场景的潜在方案,但在多个网络实例共存的情况下,网络的管理和用户对网络的附着将面临诸多问题。基于5G的发展趋势与其关键技术,提出一种以网络切片管理器为核心的管理方案。借助网络功能虚拟化技术实现网络切片创建与修改的完全自动化;在多个网络实例共存的情况下,网络切片选择模块辅助用户实现网络附着。该体系将网络分为了基础资源、网络实例和业务三层,并形成开放的平台,使得每一层都将可以单独作为服务进行出售、租赁和管理。这将改变现有电信领域的商业模式,并为其运维带来更多的灵活性。