A procedure for measuring the flexibility of single wood-pulp fibres

A way of determining the flexibility of wood-pulp fibres is developed, which involves i) a precise measurement of the topology of single-fibres by using a confocal laser scanning microscope and ii) the measurement of the elastic modulus of the fibres by using a single-fibre fatigue cell. Reported in this paper are the initial results of tests carried out on black spruce fibres, which have been subjected to three different levels of mechanical refining energy, namely ∼1100, 2300, and 3500 kWh/t. It is found that the fibre flexibility rises significantly between the first and second energy levels, but it does not change to the same degree between the second and third ones. The described procedure of measuring the flexibility of fibres may be used to establish the appropriate refiner energy necessary for the production of a specific grade of paper. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 115–128, January–February, 2006.     

二十世纪上半叶中国农村婚姻制度探微

20世纪上半叶中国社会经历了剧烈的变迁。农村的婚姻制度并没有在择偶方式即“父母之命，媒妁之言”上发生根本的变化。“父母之命”依然代表着农村择偶方式的主流。而在一些交通便利、距离大城市较近的农村，尤其是沿海、沿江的农村地区出现了一些新变化。择偶方式要产生根本的变化将是一个长期的过程。     

发动机的曲轴转速方程及其近似解

从活塞发动机的动力分析中得到本文中的微分一积分方程(4),其中α为曲轴转角,θ为角速度的平方,而ε<<1为总等效转动惯量的倒数。本文利用压缩映象原理和摄动方法证明了所得方程解的存在性和唯一性,并给出了这个解的渐近展开。     

关于Gerber不等式的一个猜想

本文证明了陈计-单墫关于Ｇｅｒｂｅｒ不等式的一个猜想，作为其应用，导出了单形内一点到顶点的距离与到面的距离的两个不等式．     

Branched polymers in a wedge geometry in three dimensions

We investigate the statistical and dimensional properties of uniform star polymers attached by the branching vertex of degreef in a wedge geometry in three dimensions and described by the wedge angles and. We show that the growth constant is equal to ^f , where is the self-avoiding walk limit. Thef and (, ) dependences of the corresponding critical exponent _f (, ) are studied using Monte Carlo techniques. In the casef=1, our results are compared with existing predictions obtained from series expansion and renormalization group methods. We have also estimated the amplitudes for the mean square radius of gyration and the mean square end-to-end branch length. Our results for the ratio of the mean square radius of gyration of anf-star to that of a linear polymer of the same degree of polymerization attached in a similar wedge, and the analogous ratio for the mean square end-to-end branch length, are consistent with these ratios being lattice-independent quantities.     

SO(n,1) Wigner rotation as an SL(2,R) problem

We show that the composition of not only two SO(3,1) boosts, but also that of two SO(n,1) boosts for anyn 2, is basically an SO(2,1) problem and hence can be analysed completely using SL(2,R) matrices. By computing the expression for the Thomas/Wigner angle directly using SL(2,R) matrices we show that this approach results in considerable economy of algebra.     

416例湘西苗族学生手纹研究

<正>皮纹是人体稳定的体表特征.它的各种性状具有遗传特征,种族差异和民族差异,并且在刑侦及其某些遗传性疾病的诊断中起重要作用.为积累我国各民族正常群体的皮纹学参数值,为人类学、遗传学及临床医学等相关研究提供正常对照数据,我们对416例湘西苗族学生的手纹进行了研究,为了对照分析,引用了有关文献.     

甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基代乙酯对天然橡胶乳液辐射改性研究

天然橡胶的性能与其组成中的C C双键有密切关系,由于C C双键的存在,为天然橡胶的改性提供了便利,大多数天然橡胶的改性方法,如氯化、氢氯化、环化、环氧化、接枝共聚等皆是建立在这一思路基础上的.White等[1]认为接枝天然橡胶的目的是提高天然橡胶的机械强度,赋予特殊的功能.作     

Conductive polyethylene-carbon black composites by elongational-flow injection molding Part 3. Study of the structure and morphology

The morphology and structure of high molecular weight linear polyethylene (M _w 450000) filled with carbon black and processed using molds that introduce an elongational flow component during injection molding has been examined using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. The study of fracture surfaces reveals the display of shish-kebabs oriented along the injection direction with segregated longitudinal channels of carbon black particles. Molecular and lamellar changes in orientation are, furthermore, studied across the thickness of the moldings. It is shown that addition of carbon black particles to injection-molded polyethylene induces significant changes in lamellar orientation. Thus, while lamellar overgrowth proceeds perpendicular to the fiber axes within carbon free channels, lamellae grow randomly within carbon-enriched regions where flow is less pronounced.