香菇UGPase酶活性及转录表达水平对不同碳氮源的响应

【目的】尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,UGPase)是糖代谢途径中的关键酶,在生物体次生代谢产物合成过程中具有重要的作用,对其进行深入的研究,将有助于阐明糖代谢的分子机制。【方法】本实验以香菇新808为实验材料,设置不同的碳、氮源对香菇菌丝体进行液体发酵培养（25 °C,30天）,烘干菌丝体称取其生物量,利用苯酚-硫酸法测定菌丝体胞内多糖含量,通过荧光实时定量PCR检测不同碳氮源下菌丝体ugp基因的相对表达量,同时测定UGPase酶活性。【结果】结果表明,与普通PDA培养基比较,除以硝酸铵为氮源外,其余碳氮源均能提高香菇菌丝体生物量,其中以麦麸为碳源的生物量最大（0.63g）。以小分子糖（蔗糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖）为碳源、有机复合物（麦麸和黄豆芽）为氮源时,ugp基因表达量明显上调,UGPase酶活性更高,同时,其香菇菌丝胞内多糖的含量也更高。其中分别以蔗糖为碳源,以麦麸作为氮源时,ugp基因表达量、UGPase酶活性（分别为4043.80U/mg和3873U/mg）和菌丝胞内多糖含量（分别为3.60%和3.86%）最高,ugp基因表达量分别为对照组的8.19倍和6.52倍。【结论】香菇菌丝ugp基因转录表达水平、UGPase酶活性以及菌丝胞内多糖含量三者之间显示出较高的正相关性。小分子碳源（蔗糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖）、有机氮源（麦麸和黄豆芽）有助于香菇菌丝多糖的合成,其中蔗糖和麦麸可作为香菇液体发酵优势碳源和氮源。     

基因重组型枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢表面展示技术与应用

枯草芽孢杆菌是一种好氧型革兰氏阳性益生菌,在营养匮乏的环境下,可形成具有强抗逆性的芽孢。其芽孢独特的结构和生理功能使得芽孢表面展示技术相较于其他表面展示技术具有多种优势,构建的重组芽孢不但易纯化、回收率高,而且安全性好。近年来,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢表面展示技术得到迅猛发展,已成功利用CotB、CotC、CotG、CotZ、CotA、OxdD、CotE、CotZ、CgeA等多种锚定蛋白将外源蛋白或多肽展示在芽孢表面,并应用于工业化酶、口服疫苗和药物、大分子量多聚体蛋白的生产以及环境污染的生物治理等领域。本文首先介绍了芽孢展示系统整合策略,并重点阐述了基因重组型枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢展示技术中涉及的锚定蛋白以及该技术在各领域的应用与展望。     

拟南芥类结瘤素基因At1g01070的生物信息学分析

类结瘤素基因在非结瘤植物生长发育中承担着重要的功能,但仅少数基因的功能被鉴定.本研究对拟南芥类结瘤素MtN21(Medicago truncatula NODULIN 21)家族成员At1g01070进行了生物信息学分析及亚细胞定位验证.结果表明,At1g01070有两种可变剪切体,编码两种蛋白At1g01070.1和At1g01070.2,前者比后者在N端多47个氨基酸,它们的分子量分别为40KD和35KD,等电点分别为9.2和8.9;均含有2个MtN21蛋白的特征结构域EamA(药物/代谢物转运结构域),At1g01070.1比At1g01070.2多一个PLN00411结构域,且其靠近N端的EamA结构域较后者长;三级结构均由7个α-螺旋和一些不规则卷曲组成,分别含有10个和8个疏水跨膜区,均含13个磷酸化修饰位点,亚细胞定位预测主要定位在质膜;进化上,与琴叶拟南芥(Arabidopsis lyrata)亲缘关系最近;亚细胞定位结果显示At1g01070.1定位在质膜,与预测结果一致.推测At1g01070在植物体内可能参与物质运输.     

DELLA基因家族在被子植物中的系统演化关系

基于被子植物各主要分支代表类群的DELLA氨基酸序列，开展它们在被子植物中演化关系的系统发育分析.DELLA基因家族在双子叶植物早期演化阶段经历了一次复制事件，形成2大分支，每支都包含相应的蔷薇类和菊类；单子叶植物没有经历早期的复制事件，所有的DELLA基因聚在一起形成单一的支系.另外，证实了在被子植物的双子叶植物中存在第3个DELLA基因支系.     

Advances towards Cell-Specific Gene Transfection: A Small-Molecule Approach Allows Order-of-Magnitude Selectivity

A transfection vector that can home in on tumors is reported. Whereas previous vectors that allow moderately cell selective gene transfection used larger systems, this small-molecule approach paved the way for precise structure-activity relationship optimization. For this, biotin, which mediates cell selectivity, was combined with the potent DNA-binding motif tetralysine-guanidinocarbonypyrrol via a hydrophilic linker, thus enabling SAR-based optimization. The new vector mediated biotin receptor (BR)-selective transfection of cell lines with different BR expression levels. Computer-based analyses of microscopy images revealed a preference of one order of magnitude for the BR-positive cell lines over the BR-negative controls.     

Hydrogen-Bond Cyclization Programming of Ultrasensitive Esters and Its Application in Gene Delivery

The ester bond as a universal linker has recently been applied in gene delivery systems owing to its efficient gene release by electrostatic repulsion after its cleavage. However, the ester bond is nonlabile and is difficult to cleave in cells. This work reports a method in which a secondary amine was introduced to the β-position of the ester bond to generate a hydrogen-bond cyclization (HBC) structure that can make the ester bond hydrolysis ultrafast. A series of molecules comprising ultrasensitive esters that can be activated by H₂O₂ were synthesized, and it was found that those able to form an HBC structure showed complete ester hydrolysis within 5 h in both water and phosphate-buffered saline solution, which was several times faster than other methods reported. Then, a series of amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were constructed, comprising the ultrasensitive ester groups for gene delivery; it was found that they could effectively release genes under quite a low concentration of H₂O₂ (<200 μm ) and transport them into the nucleus within 2 h in Hela cells with high safety. Their gene transfection efficiencies were higher than that of PEI_25k. The results demonstrated that the hydrogen-bond-induced ultrasensitive esters could be powerfully applied to construct gene delivery systems.     

温度对生命体寿命的影响

综述了温度对生命体寿命的作用，包括温度参与调节特定基因表达和细胞信号传导通路，温度对能量代谢、氧化还原水平、免疫功能和热量限制的影响。介绍了一种将温度系数引入死亡率定律的假设，以此计算温度与寿命之间的关系，为探究温度对寿命的直接影响提供参考和依据。