Study on the constitutive equation with fractional derivative for the viscoelastic fluids – Modified Jeffreys model and its application

Based on the classic linear viscoelastic Jeffreys model, a modified Jeffreys model is suggested. The corresponding five-parameter equation with fractional derivatives of different orders of the stress and rate of strain is stated and the characteristic material functions of the linear viscoelasticity theory, such as the dynamic moduli, are derived. The comparison between the measured dynamic moduli of Sesbania gel and xanthan gum and the theoretical predictions of the proposed phenomenological model shows an excellent agreement. Received: 26 August 1997 Accepted: 26 May 1998     

Swelling Behavior of Guar Gum-g-Poly(Sodium Acrylate -co-Styrene)/Attapulgite Superabsorbent Composites

A series of superabsorbent composites, guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co- styrene)/attapulgite [GG-g-P(NaA-co-St)/APT], were prepared by simultaneous grafting partially neutralized acrylic acid and hydrophobic styrene (St) onto guar gum in the presence of attapulgite as an inorganic component. Equilibrium swelling capacity strongly depended on the concentration of St, drastically increasing with increasing St concentration to 24.3 mmol/L and then decreasing. The influence of St concentration on the swelling kinetics of the superabsorbent was studied by means of a Schott's second-order model. The proper amount of St is of benefit for the improvement of the initial swelling rate in either distilled water or saline solution. The influence of St concentration on the swelling behaviors in various external media (the aqueous solutions of various salts, pHs, hydrophilic organic solvent/water mixture and surfactants) was also investigated systematically. Results showed that the concentration of St is the key factor influencing equilibrium swelling capacity of the superabsorbent composites in each swelling media, and moderate amounts of St could enhance the responsiveness of the corresponding superabsorbent composite to external stimulation.     

黄原胶发酵液蒸发器的传热性能研究

对黄原胶发酵液的蒸发浓缩进行了研究,测定了以3种不同传热管为传热面的蒸发器的传热和流体阻力性能．结果表明,以强化管为传热面的蒸发器的阻力有所提高,但其传热系数也得到了提高,是普通管的3．6倍左右．黄原胶发酵液的浓度从发酵终了时的2．5％～3．2％经浓缩提高到4．5％～5．0％,发酵液体积减小近1/2,从而有效地降低了目前黄原胶后提取过程中的溶剂周转使用量、消耗量和提取成本。     

天然高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

介绍了天然高分子改性絮凝剂——淀粉类、木质素类、甲壳素类、植物胶类以及纤维素类絮凝剂的研究及应用现状,包括絮凝剂合成的原料、方法,各种类型絮凝剂的特点、应用范围及存在的不足;对天然高分子絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了展望。     

系列食品微生物多糖的高黏度发酵关键技术

比较产热凝胶菌株生长和合成多糖阶段的能量代谢差异,特别是能量耗散的差异,构建了土壤杆菌ATCC 31749产热凝胶的代谢途径.研究产生能量代谢差异的原因及其影响因素,利用分子生物学技术和生物信息学工具,构建了土壤杆菌电子呼吸链的传递途径.研究高密度培养、高强度生产的两步法微生物多糖发酵工艺.在预备罐中以低C/N营养条件,实现产多糖微生物的快速高密度培养.在发酵罐中稀释细胞后以高C/N营养条件高强度生产微生物多糖.研制工业规模下适用于高黏度发酵的高效生物反应器.以结冷胶为高黏度发酵模型体系,研究该反应器在冷模条件下的传质、混合和流变行为特征,设计了新型高效生物反应器,放大至50 m3并应用于结冷胶发酵生产实践中.     

接枝杜仲胶增容机理及与SBS改性沥青共混试验

为了改变目前SBS(styrene-butad iene-styrene)改性沥青常用增容剂大多为合成高分子材料的现状,在天然高分子材料杜仲胶上接枝能与沥青氮基反应的官能团——马来酸酐,形成一种新的增容剂——接枝杜仲胶。分析了接枝杜仲胶的生成方法与增容SBS改性沥青的机理,根据杜仲胶接枝产物的红外光谱,确定了接枝产物的物理表征,并对2种品质不同的沥青加入接枝杜仲胶进行高低温和流变性能试验。试验结果表明,SBS改性沥青性能得到提高。验证了接枝杜仲胶是一种性能良好的SBS改性沥青增容剂,并且作为天然材料有着合成材料无法比拟的资源再生优势。     

黄原胶流变学性质的实验研究

研究了不同浓度黄原胶水溶液的流变学特性,回归了稠度系数K和流变参数n与黄原胶浓度Cp的关系,结果表明：溶液浓度较低时,黄原胶水溶液为牛顿性流体;随着浓度的增加,逐渐转变为假塑性流体．可以分别描述为黄原胶浓度Cp的函数：当0〈Cp≤30g／L时,K=1．128Cp^1.572．当0〈Cp≤8g／L时,n=0．485-0．16lnCp;当8g／L〈Cp≤30g／L时,n=0．075＋0．041lnCp．     

两性离子瓜尔胶及其水溶液的流变特征

采用一步法合成新型两性离子瓜尔胶(ZGG),研究了ZGG水溶液的流变特征,并考察浓度、外加盐等对ZGG水溶液流变性能的影响.结果表明:ZGG水溶液的比浓黏度随浓度的增加而增加;在一定浓度的盐溶液中,ZGG表现出明显的反聚电解质溶液的黏性行为;ZGG水溶液呈假塑性流体特征,具有剪切变稀特性,并具有较强的触变性质.     

Effects of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation on the interface and foaming characteristics of ovotransferrin

Ovotransferrin (OVT) is one of the major functional proteins in egg white protein. Most of the industry only paid attention the biological activity of OVT in iron supplement, antibacterial and other aspects, few reports were carried out on its processing characteristics such as foaming, interfacial behavior such as emulsification and foaming, which was an important processing functional attribute affecting its application scenario. In this study, the effects of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation on the interface and foaming characteristics of OVT were investigated. The results showed that proper ultrasonic treatment had a significant effect on the structure and physicochemical properties of OVT glycosylation products. When ultrasonic treatment lasted for 20 min, the grafting degree of OVT was 20.98%, the particle size decreased and the absolute value of potential increased. The foaming ability of OVT increased first and then decreased after ultrasonic-assisted glycosylation treatment. The foaming ability of OVT increased from 43.54% to 96.73% and the foaming stability increased from 68.92% to 89.19% after ultrasonic-assisted glycosylation treatment for 20 min. The experimental study effectively discovered the effect of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation on the foaming property of OVT, and would provide important technical references for expanding its application in food, biology, medicine and other fields.