羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶的流变特性

考查了羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶溶液的流变特性,发现其水溶液呈典型的假塑性,不同浓度下溶液表观粘度随剪切速率的变化可以用Ostwald-Dewaele方程描述;零切粘度与温度的关系符合Andrade方程;溶液的粘度在酸性条件下随溶液pH的减小迅速降低,在碱性条件下则变化不大;溶液对NaCl很敏感,表现出典型的聚电解质的特征。     

Morgan法串联测定羟丙基瓜耳胶的取代度

在传统的Morgan法的基础上对羟丙基瓜耳胶的取代度的检测方法进行研究,提出了串连法对羟丙基瓜耳胶的取代度进行检测,提高了实验效率,减小了实验误差。     

Development,characterization, swelling,and network parameters of amino acid grafted guar gum based pH responsive polymeric hydrogels

This study includes the synthesis of graft copolymer (GG-g-PAPA) from N-Acryloyl-L-phenylalanine (APA) and guar gum through free radical polymerization. Then, the novel pH sensitive GG-g-PAPA-cl-(PHEA-co-PAMPS) [GGAH] polymeric hydrogels were synthesized by employing free radical cross-linking polymerization using graft copolymer, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate (HEA). The GGAH hydrogels were characterized using FTIR and SEM. Swelling studies of GGAH hydrogels were performed in distilled water, pH 1.2, and pH 7.4 solutions. The network and swelling kinetic parameters of GGAH hydrogels are also calculated.     

Advancement in the Biomedical Applications of the (Nano)gel Structures Based on Particular Polysaccharides

(Nano)gels from macromolecular compounds—natural, synthetic, or a combination thereof, suitable crosslinkers—and conferred characteristics—such as degradability, size, charge, amphiphilicity, responsiveness, and softness—are capable of responding to the challenges imposed by bioengineering applications. Polysaccharide‐based gels have received particular attention in this field. This review addresses recent advancement in the use of (nano)gel structures prepared only from compounds based on gellan gum, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, carrageenan, guar gum, galactose, or agarose, which represent an important part of the special class of natural polymers, the polysaccharides. Also, future trends are taken into discussion regarding the (nano)gels' use in biomedical applications such as biomimetics, biosensors, artificial muscles, and chemical separations in relation with their ability to be used as a vehicle for various biomolecules due to their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.     

环保固沙抑尘剂黄原胶接枝共聚物的制备与性能研究

采用种子乳液聚合法，制备以黄原胶（XG）为接枝底物，丙烯酸甲酯（MA）和乙酸乙烯酯（VAc）为共聚单体的新型环保固沙抑尘剂。综合考察单体配比、乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）用量、引发剂过硫酸铵（APS）用量、聚合温度以及接枝底物黄原胶用量等因素对聚合物乳液产品质量的影响。工艺优化结果表明，当单体质量配比（m_MA：m_VAc）为3：5，乳化剂、引发剂、接枝底物质量分数分别为5.0%、1.2%、4.0%，且聚合温度65 ℃时，固沙抑尘剂乳液的黏度、抗压强度、产品外观、流动性以及静置稳定性达到最佳。随后采用FT-IR、TG-DTA对产品进行表征，证明接枝底物与单体接枝成功，且产物具有优异的保水性。最后对环保固沙抑尘剂的应用性能及其对植物出芽率的影响进行了研究，表征测试结果表明，该环保固沙抑尘剂具备良好的耐水性和抗水蚀性，抗压强度能满足实际治沙需要，且具备一定的降解性。     

Non-Newtonian flow behaviour of gellan gum aqueous solutions

Rheological properties of gellan gum solutions with and without salt have been monitored using oscillatory measurements and steady-shear viscosity measurements. The steady-shear viscosity measurements indicated that gellan gum solutions showed a wide Newtonian plateau when gellan gum molecules took a coil conformation, and that the shear-thinning behaviour became more conspicuous with conformational change of gellan gum molecules from coiled to helical, and the range of the Newtonian plateau became limited only to very low shear rates. When gellan gum solutions showed rheological behaviour as a dilute or concentrated polymer solution, these systems obeyed the Cox–Merz superposition of steady-state viscosity and dynamic viscosity. As gellan gum solutions formed a weak gel, the Cox–Merz rule was not valid; however, the deviation from this superposition was less significant than that of xanthan gum solutions which also show weak-gel behaviour. Received: 8 December 1998 Accepted in revised form: 5 March 1999     

对甲苯磺酸-乙酸酐化学法测定羟乙基瓜尔胶羟乙基摩尔取代度

本文用模型小分子一缩二乙二醇的醚键断裂实验证明了可行性,羟乙基瓜尔胶上的羟乙基链段与过量对甲苯磺酸-乙酸酐在130℃下反应14hr,醚键完全断裂生成酯,并在pH=11条件下煮沸1hr使酯完全水解,转变为乙二醇。通过1H-NMR定量乙二醇,即可准确得到羟乙基瓜尔胶的羟乙基摩尔取代度。     

Influence of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Gum Arabic and Tragacanth

Storage conditions should be chosen so that they do not affect the action and stability of the active pharmaceutical substance (API), and excipients used in pharmacy. UV irradiation, increased temperature, and relative humidity can decompose storage substances by photolysis, thermolysis, and hydrolysis process, respectively. The effect of physical factors may be the decomposition of pharmaceutical substances or their inappropriate action, including pharmacological effects. Polymers of natural origin are increasingly used in the pharmaceutical industry. With this in mind, we evaluated the effect of storage conditions on the stability of gum arabic (GA) and tragacanth (GT). The influence of higher temperature, UV irradiation, and relative humidity on GA and GT was tested. Thermogravimetry (TG, c-DTA), colorimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and optical microscopy were used as research methods. The TGA and c-DTA examination indicated that decomposition of GA starts at a higher temperature compared to GT. This indicate that gum arabic is more resistant to higher temperatures compared to tragacanth. However, the conducted analysis showed that gum arabic is more sensitive to the tested storage conditions. Among the tested physical conditions, both polymers were most sensitive to conditions of increased relative humidity in the environment.     

羧甲基壳聚糖对牛奶葡萄的保鲜效果研究

以虾、蟹等动物甲壳为原料,通过新的实验方法和工艺制备水溶性壳聚糖衍生物——羧甲基壳聚糖,并以此为主剂,以阿拉伯胶等为助剂制成不同性质的复合保鲜剂,配以不同浓度的复合保鲜剂水溶液喷涂于牛奶葡萄表面,于0～0．5℃的冷库内存放进行保鲜实验。结果表明：保鲜过的葡萄基本上保持了原有的色、香、味;葡萄梗仍为绿色,无霉变。储存180d后,牛奶葡萄失水率为1．56％,脱粒率为2．1％。可滴定酸含量为0．3％（质量分数）,100g样品中VC含量为1．59mg,还原糖含量为14．1％（质量分数）。该保鲜剂中的羧甲基壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶均来源于天然生物,具有食品安全性,无污染,符合《绿色食用葡萄标准》。     

硅/磷协同阻燃剂的制备及应用

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MS)为前驱体,高聚合度聚磷酸铵(APPⅡ)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺,制备硅/磷协同阻燃剂。通过电镜表征(SEM,TEM)发现该阻燃剂为硅/磷包覆结构,在详细讨论硅氧烷溶胶制备工艺的影响因素的基础上,将该阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯复合制成阻燃涂层剂,用于织物的阻燃涂层整理。结果表明,该阻燃剂相对APP而言,能赋予织物优异的阻燃、高强力及防"霜化"等效果。且随着硅/磷比增加,阻燃效果及织物强力和静水压均提高,并最终稳定;随着阻/胶比增加,阻燃效果提高,织物强力及静水压反而下降。