低分子量阳离子瓜胶凝胶体系的流变性

研究了低分子量阳离子变性瓜胶与硼砂交联的凝胶体系。考察了低分子量阳离子瓜胶浓度、硼砂浓度及pH对凝胶形成的影响,得到了结构稳定的凝胶体系。考察了低分子量阳离子瓜胶凝胶体系的流变特性,结果表明该体系具有良好的粘弹性和剪切变稀性。非线性共转Jeffreys模型可确切表征凝胶体系的粘度曲线,实验值与模拟值吻合良好。     

皂荚瓜尔胶的提取及其性能

对皂荚种子中瓜尔胶的提取、含量、结构及其在不同浓度、pH值、剪切力作用下黏度的变化规律进行了试验。结果表明:种子中,内胚乳的含量为410.2 mg/g,内胚乳中瓜尔胶的含量为475.8 mg/g;用红外光谱设备测得其结构符合半乳甘露聚糖结构通式;瓜尔胶溶液的比浓黏度随浓度的升高而增加,瓜尔胶为非牛顿流体,其比浓黏度随剪切力的增大而显著减小;瓜尔胶溶液的特性黏度受pH值的影响甚微,在中性条件下其特性黏度最大。     

高碘酸钠氧化法测定羟丙基瓜尔胶上仲羟基取代度

高碘酸钠氧化可以使邻羟基C-C键发生高选择性断裂, 同时产生两分子醛基. 在pH=4.3及25 ℃的条件下, 对瓜尔胶及其衍生物羟丙基瓜尔胶进行高碘酸钠氧化, 采用红外光谱与核磁共振谱对氧化产物结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 氧化后的瓜尔胶和及羟丙基瓜尔胶结构中醛基主要以半缩醛的形式存在. 通过测定高碘酸钠的消耗量得到不同摩尔取代度羟丙基瓜尔胶糖单元上邻羟基的含量, 结合概率分析方法, 确定摩尔取代度分别为0.04, 0.14, 0.36, 0.51, 0.78, 1.05和1.53的羟丙基瓜尔胶在仲羟基上取代度分别为0.02, 0.09, 0.18, 0.30, 0.46, 0.59和1.03, 与其它方法得到的结果一致.     

Gum Tragacanth (GT): A Versatile Biocompatible Material beyond Borders

The use of naturally occurring materials in biomedicine has been increasingly attracting the researchers’ interest and, in this regard, gum tragacanth (GT) is recently showing great promise as a therapeutic substance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As a polysaccharide, GT can be easily extracted from the stems and branches of various species of Astragalus. This anionic polymer is known to be a biodegradable, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and non-carcinogenic material. The stability against microbial, heat and acid degradation has made GT an attractive material not only in industrial settings (e.g., food packaging) but also in biomedical approaches (e.g., drug delivery). Over time, GT has been shown to be a useful reagent in the formation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles in the context of green chemistry. With the advent of tissue engineering, GT has also been utilized for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds applied for both hard and soft tissue healing strategies. However, more research is needed for defining GT applicability in the future of biomedical engineering. On this object, the present review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of GT in biomedicine and tries to open new horizons in the field based on its inherent characteristics.     

Effects of biopolymer ratio and heat treatment on the complex formation between whey protein isolate and soluble fraction of Persian gum

Proteins and polysaccharides are the two most important natural ingredients with unique functional properties. Their interactions can be considered as a route to produce new materials of various technological applications. In this study, the effect of pH (3–7) as well as the mixing ratio of whey protein isolate (WPI)/soluble part of Persian gum (PG) (1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 6:1, and 9:1% w/w WPI/PG) on the complex formation behavior of the two polymers were studied using spectrophotometric and dynamic light scattering techniques, soluble protein measurement, and microscopic observations. Investigating the curves of turbidity versus pH showed that pHc and pH_?1, which are associated with the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes, moved toward higher pH values by increasing WPI:PG ratio. Increased solubility was observed at pHc?>?pH?>?pH_?1 for all biopolymers mixtures. In addition, lowering the pH toward pH_?1 resulted in a decrease in the size of complexes, while further decrease of pH beyond this point led to larger particles. No significant difference was noticed between pH_c and pH_?1 of heated and unheated WPI/PG mixtures, although the turbidity of heated samples increased due to the formation of larger aggregates.     

The displacement efficiency and rheology of welan gum for enhanced heavy oil recovery

The displacement efficiency of welan gum on enhanced heavy oil recovery has been investigated by comparing that of xanthan gum which is commonly used for polymer flooding, and it is found that the displacement efficiency of biopolymer welan gum is higher (>7.0 % at the normal permeability) than that of xanthan gum. In‐depth rheological investigations show that both storage modulus and loss modulus of welan gum solution are higher than those of xanthan gum solutions at the same concentration, temperature and salinity. The higher displacement efficiency for enhanced heavy oil recovery by welan gum is mainly caused by its stronger ability to form aggregates. Although the molecular weight of welan gum is lower than that of xanthan gum, the aggregates of welan gum molecules help to improve the sweep efficiency. It is proposed that welan gum improves oil recovery by drawing and dragging on the residual oils which is derived from the interlinked network structures formed by the adjacent double helices in the arrangement of the zipper model. The intermolecular structures formed by zipper model are stable in high temperature and high salinity condition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

真丝针织浸渍工艺的研究

通过浸渍剂HV301和太古油处理后生丝的物理性能的测定，探讨分析了它们对生丝的作用原理，并提出浸渍剂HV301的优越性和可用性，通过HV301浸渍工艺的正交试验，采用计算机处理找出了最佳的工艺参数。研究结果对真丝在针织实际生产中提高效率、保证质量、降低成本有一定的参考价值。     

Rheological and drag reduction characteristics of xanthan gum solutions

The rheological and turbulent drag reducing characteristics of commercial and purified xanthan gum solutions of concentrations 50–500 ppm have been studied with and without addition of 100 ppm NaCl. The purification by soxlet extraction of xanthan gum using 95% ethanol is effective in removing low-molecular-weight impurities from xanthan. The increased content of higher molecular-weight xanthan in purified xanthan is evident from rheological and drag reduction behavior. The addition of 100 ppm salt to dilute solutions introduces semi-flexibility in xanthan gum solution without occurrence of self-association. The change in molecular behavior in the presence of salt is evident from rheological normal-stress and turbulent drag reduction behaviors.     

黄原胶水溶液结构流变性质的研究

黄原胶水溶液是石油３次开采中的新型聚合物驱油剂，研究了３种黄原胶水溶液在不同溶液浓度，不同离子强度下的流变性质，并用透射电镜观察黄原胶水溶液链的结构形态，结果表明，黄原胶水溶液的粘度和浓度间具有奇特的性质，它对应于黄原胶水溶液内在结构形态的变化，在不同离子强度下，黄原胶水溶液的螺旋结构可被诱发转变，而其结构转变的过程与所测黄原胶水溶液的流变性质吻合。     

Application of analytical pyrolysis for the characterisation of old inks

In the last years particular attention has been dedicated to the analysis of iron-gall inks for their effects on the degradation of paper. Mainly spectroscopic techniques devoted to the determination of iron have been studied, while a minor attention has been dedicated to the organic components.

In this study we propose THM pyrolysis as a rapid tool for the characterisation of inks organic component. The method was applied on several standards and on original samples showing that it is suitable for the characterisation of iron gall and sepia inks. Moreover, information on the organic binder may also be achieved at the same time.