新疆油田玛湖地层水配制有机硼胍胶压裂液的应用研究

新疆油田玛湖区块地层水矿化度高且含高价金属离子,对使用该区块地层水配制有机硼胍胶压裂液的性能造成了不利影响。针对玛湖地区地层水配制有机硼胍胶压裂液时,溶胀时间久、交联冻胶热稳定性差的问题,本文借助化学屏蔽技术,根据屏蔽剂工作原理,结合水中金属离子含量,推导出了屏蔽剂合理加量的计算公式,通过热稳定性能测试,确定出了适用于玛湖地层水配制有机硼胍胶压裂液的屏蔽剂AH-1,在此基础,对玛湖地层水配制的有机硼胍胶压裂液性能进行了评价,结果表明：屏蔽剂AH-1的加入可使玛湖地层水配制的压裂液的剪切黏度维持在220mPa?s左右,且其溶胀性能、破胶性能均满足行业标准,现场试验取得了良好的应用效果,为玛湖油田的开发提供了资源保障。     

Encapsulation and survival of a chondrocyte cell line within xanthan gum derivative

A chemical derivative of xanthan gum polysaccharide is investigated as a new artificial matrix for the encapsulation of chondrocytic cells. Toward this goal, a novel micro-droplet generator is developed to produce microcapsules. Microcapsules with an average diameter of 500 μm, smooth surface, and homogeneous size distribution are obtained. ATDC5 cells encapsulated in carboxymethyl xanthan (CMX) microcapsules remain viable and are observed to proliferate for prolonged culture periods with enhanced metabolic activity. Furthermore, retention of the chondrogenic phenotype is exhibited by the cells within CMX, suggesting the ability of this material to be applied in cell-delivery therapies.     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵产黄原胶优良菌株的选育

黄原胶是由野油菜黄单胞菌发酵生产的重要的商业微生物多糖产品,实验通过微波诱变处理保藏菌株,筛选到一株能以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产黄原胶的优良正突变株X12,实验结果表明：在初步确定的实验条件下,该菌株发酵生产黄原胶的产量达22.14 g/L,是未诱变菌株20183的1.53倍,传代实验表明,突变菌株X12的黄原胶产量及性状无大变化,遗传性状稳定。     

Study on preparation of lycium oil microcapsule using flaxseed gum as wall material

本文采用喷雾干燥法制备沙棘籽油为芯材、亚麻籽胶为壁材的微胶囊,并以微胶囊化效率和含油率为考察指标,考察了制备工艺.结果表明,最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件：进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,雾化器转速24000r/min,进料速度为40.21mL/min.在此工艺条件下沙棘籽油的微胶囊化效率为87.12%,含油率为45.09%.     

Electro-responsive polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti copolymer for transdermal drug delivery application

An application of polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti (PAAm-g-GGH) copolymer for transdermal delivery of an anti-psychotic drug, quetiapine fumerate triggered by electric stimulus was explored. The electro-responsive PAAm-g-GGH was prepared by free radical polymerization underneath nitrogen atmosphere subsequent to alkaline hydrolysis. The PAAm-g-GGH was used as drug reservoir gel and crosslinked films of GGH and PVA as rate controlling membranes (RCM). The reservoir gels were uniform and translucent; pH of gels was 6.56–7.06, which is in the pH range of skin and drug content was from 89.57% to 94.51%. The thickness of RCMs was 163–227?μ; thickness was increased with increased glutaraldehyde concentration and all the RCMs were permeable to water vapors. When electric stimulus was absent, a small amount of drug was permeated from the formulations, while drug conveyance was enhanced in the existence of stimulus. Drug permeation was increased with increase in electric stimulus from 2 to 8?mA. Over two fold increase in flux was observed after application of electric stimulus. Under “on–off” electric stimulus, faster drug permeation was seen under ‘on’ condition and permeation was decreased when stimulus was ‘off.’ Histopathology study confirmed reversible alteration of skin structure under electric stimulus.     

Solutions of xanthan gum/guar gum mixtures: shear rheology,porous media flow,and solids transport in annular flow

Mixtures of xanthan and guar gum in aqueous solution were studied in two flow situations: simple shear and porous media. In addition, solids transport in vertical annular flow of sand suspensions was explored. The zero shear rate viscosity of the solutions displayed a pronounced synergy: the viscosity of the mixture is higher than that of the polymer solutions in a wide range of relative concentrations of the two polymers, in agreement with previous literature. However, at relatively high shear rates, the viscosity approaches the value of the more viscous xanthan gum solutions at mass fractions of xanthan gum between 0.1 and 0.15, and the degree of synergy substantially decreases. Stress relaxation experiments in simple shear indicate that the polymer mixtures exhibit a well-defined yield stress after relaxation that is absent in solutions of pure polymers. In porous media flow experiments, a synergistic behavior mimicking the shear flow results was obtained for the polymer mixtures at low shear rates. However, at a critical shear rate, the apparent viscosity in porous media flows exceeds the shear viscosity due to the elongational nature of flow in the pores. The solids transport capacity in annular flows is well-represented by trends in shear viscosity and stress relaxation behavior. However, the lack of viscosity synergy at high shear rates limits the applicability of the mixtures as a way to improve solids suspension capacity in annular flows.     

Synthesis of a New Hydrogel,Based on Guar Gum,for Controlled Drug Release

Summary: Guar gum (GG) polymer was crosslinked in order to obtain a new hydrogel. The GG hydrogel has been characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy, the determination of the water content, at different pH values, rheological measurements and in vitro release studies. The GG hydrogel shows a maximum water uptake at acid and basic pH values. The mechanical properties are investigated in order to verify the thixotropic behaviour of the material. In vitro release studies are conducted to evaluate the application of the GG hydrogel as a matrix for controlled drug release.     

羟丙基瓜尔胶的制备及表征

瓜尔胶(guar gum)是一种天然半乳甘露聚糖,其水溶性和增稠性很好,广泛用做增稠剂、破乳剂等。原粉胶溶解较慢、水不溶物含量高、粘度不易控制,人们常利用化学手段改变其理化特性以满足实际工业生产需要,羟丙基化是有效的手段之一,但对羟丙基化的表征较为困难。S．     

生物酶SUN-1/过硫酸铵对羟丙基瓜胶压裂液破胶和降解作用

针对延长低渗、低压和低温油藏压裂过程中压裂液破胶慢以及破胶液残渣大对储层造成的伤害,以生物酶SUN-1/过硫酸铵为复合破胶剂,在40℃以下,分别考查SUN-1加量、过硫酸铵加量、引发剂加量、温度和pH等因素对压裂液破胶速度和破胶液残渣的降解作用的影响,最后优化出复合破胶的最佳条件.利用马尔文激光粒度仪分析了在复合破胶剂的作用下,破胶液中固体颗粒粒径分布,利用岩心流动仪和支撑剂导流仪评价了复合破胶剂作用下的压裂液破胶液对岩心和支撑剂导流能力的伤害.结果表明:生物酶SUN-1/过硫酸铵复合破胶剂的最佳使用温度低于50℃,交联液过硫酸铵中加质量分数为200×10-6的酶,原胶液pH=7~8,与单剂比较复合破胶剂对压裂液的破胶时间减小了近43%,残渣降解下降了44.6%,固体颗粒粒径中值下降40%,对支撑剂导流能力的伤害下降了近60%,岩心伤害下降近43%.     

Effect of Xanthan Gum on the Performance of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam

Solution properties of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) formulations containing different xanthan gum contents were investigated first by varying the mass fraction of xanthan gum in the range of 0.1–0.5%. Foam properties and fire-extinguishing performance of the AFFF formulations were then evaluated. Results indicated that xanthan gum content slightly affected surface tension of foam solutions. However, xanthan gum significantly affected viscosity of AFFF concentrates. Foaming of the AFFF formulations was hardly affected by xanthan gum, but foam stability of the compounds was obviously enhanced with the addition of xanthan gum. Optimal xanthan gum content was determined as 0.3%, which resulted in the shortest 90% control time and fire extinguishment time. Burnback time of foams increased with the addition of xanthan gum because of the enhanced foam stability.