多价金属离子对有机硼胍胶压裂液的影响及对策

针对新疆油田环玛湖地区浅层地下水、稠油热采水、压裂返排液中存在多价金属离子（Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺）,影响其配制的胍胶压裂液性能。通过模拟不同种类和浓度多价金属离子水溶液,分析多价金属离子对有机硼胍胶压裂液溶胀、交联及耐温耐剪切性能的影响规律,研究了NSA、EDTA、CA,3种络合剂对多价金属离子的屏蔽效果。研究表明,多价金属离子对有机硼胍胶压裂液影响程度依次为Fe²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺;3种络合剂对Mg²⁺屏蔽能力为CA>NSA>EDTA,对Ca²⁺屏蔽能力为NSA > EDTA > CA,对Fe³⁺屏蔽能力为EDTA > NSA。为不同水质配制有机硼胍胶压裂液选择络合剂提供了依据。     

Method development for compositional analysis of low molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate) by matrix-assisted/laser desorption-mass spectrometry and its application to analysis of chewing gum

The influence of the sample preparation parameters (the choice of the solvent and of the matrix:analyte ratio) was investigated and optimal conditions were established for MALDI mass spectrometry analysis of the pristine low molecular weight polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). It was demonstrated that comparison of polymer’s and solvent’s Hansen solubility parameters could be used as a guide when choosing the solvent for MALDI sample preparation. The highest intensity PVAc signals were obtained when ethyl acetate was used as a solvent along with the lowest matrix–analyte ratio (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as a matrix in all experiments). The structure of the PVAc was established with high accuracy using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) analysis. It was demonstrated that PVAc undergoes unimolecular decomposition by losing acetic acid molecules from its backbone under the conditions of FTMS measurements. Number and weight average molecular weights as well as polydispersity indices were determined with both MALDI-TOF and MALDI-FTMS methods. The sample preparation protocol developed was applied to the analysis of a chewing gum and the molecular weight and structure of the polyvinyl acetate present in the sample were established. Thus, it was shown that optimized MALDI mass spectrometry could be used successfully for characterization of polyvinyl acetate in commercially available chewing gum.     

PSY-g-PAA/Na-MMT复合高吸水性树脂的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附

以欧车前胶(PSY)、丙烯酸(AA)和钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了欧车前胶接枝聚丙烯酸/钠基蒙脱土(PSY-g-PAA/Na-MMT)复合高吸水性树脂.考察了Na-MMT质量分数对复合高吸水性树脂吸水能力和Cu2+吸附...     

一种白芽奇兰茶果冻的研制

κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶复配可以形成热可逆、弹性优良的凝胶,适用于果冻的生产。以κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶复配作为凝胶剂,添加白芽奇兰茶粉和白砂糖制成茶果冻。通过优化实验,探究κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶复配比例、复配凝胶剂添加量、白砂糖添加量、白芽奇兰茶粉添加量对茶果冻质构和感官评价的影响。结果表明:当κ-卡拉胶和魔芋胶复配比为7∶5、复配凝胶剂添加量为0.4%（质量分数）、白芽奇兰茶粉添加量为0.11%（质量分数）、白砂糖添加量为8.0%（质量分数）时,茶果冻的配方最佳,研制的果冻具有茶汤的橙黄色,茶香怡人,滋味协调,口感爽滑,质构优良。     

Impact of Adding Polysaccharides on the Stability of Egg Yolk/Fish Oil Emulsions under Accelerated Shelf-Life Conditions

Polysaccharides can form interfacial complexes with proteins to form emulsions with enhanced stability. We assessed the effect of adding gum guar or gum arabic to egg yolk/fish oil emulsions. The emulsions were produced using simple or high-pressure homogenization, stored for up to 10 days at 45 °C, and characterized for their particle size and distribution, viscosity, encapsulation efficiency, oxidative stability, and cytotoxicity. Emulsions containing gum guar and/or triglycerides had the highest viscosity. There was no significant difference in the encapsulation efficiency of emulsions regardless of the polysaccharide used. However, emulsions containing gum arabic displayed a bridging flocculation effect, resulting in less stability over time compared to those using gum guar. Emulsions produced using high-pressure homogenization displayed a narrower size distribution and higher stability. The formation of peroxides and propanal was lower in emulsions containing gum guar and was attributed to the surface oil. No significant toxicity toward Caco-2 cells was found from the emulsions over time. On the other hand, after 10 days of storage, nonencapsulated fish oil reduced the cell viability to about 80%. The results showed that gum guar can increase the particle stability of egg yolk/fish oil emulsions and decrease the oxidation rate of omega-3 fatty acids.     

Study on the constitutive equation with fractional derivative for the viscoelastic fluids – Modified Jeffreys model and its application

Based on the classic linear viscoelastic Jeffreys model, a modified Jeffreys model is suggested. The corresponding five-parameter equation with fractional derivatives of different orders of the stress and rate of strain is stated and the characteristic material functions of the linear viscoelasticity theory, such as the dynamic moduli, are derived. The comparison between the measured dynamic moduli of Sesbania gel and xanthan gum and the theoretical predictions of the proposed phenomenological model shows an excellent agreement. Received: 26 August 1997 Accepted: 26 May 1998     

Biopolymer Synthesized by Strains of Xanthomonas sp Isolate from Brazil Using Biodiesel-Waste

The future supplies and usage of glycerol are expected to increase as biodiesel plants increase production, and the output will greatly outpace demand. Biodiesel production has already had a significant impact on the price of refined glycerol. A major concern of glycerol producers is the reduced price of glycerol resulting from the increased production of biodiesel. Some alternative uses for this glycerol that have been investigated are substrates for fermentation process or the production of biosurfactants, fatty acids, biopolymers, and others products. This work had as objective to evaluate two strains of Xanthomonas sp isolate from Brazil for xanthan gum in orbital agitator, analizing the apparent viscosity of aqueous solutions and selecting viscosity. The experiments of xanthan gum production were realized in orbital agitator with 120 rpm agitation, for cells production, and 180rpm, for biopolymer production, under a 28 °C temperature. The rheology of the fermentation broth was analyzed by apparent viscosity and the polymer was recovered with ethanol (1:3, v/v). After its recovery, the productivity evaluation was performed. The productivity were 0.157 and 0.363 gL⁻¹ for C1 and 0.186 and 0.363 gL⁻¹ for C9 to media glycerol or glycerol and sucrose, respectively. The viscosity analysis was performed for aqueous solutions 3%, at 25 °C, the best apparent viscosity was obtained using gum synthesized with glycerol and sucrose (50:50) at 25 °C, 143 mPa.s⁻¹ from Xanthomonas sp C1.     

Rheological Studies of Silica-Tragacanth Suspensions

Formation of a concentrated solid/liquid suspension, as an industrial intermediate, is often necessary in many industrial manufacturing processes, particularly for paints, paper coating, ceramics, catalysts, etc. Polysaccharides have been widely used for the control of the stability of suspensions. In this paper, various rheological parameters; such as viscosity—shear rate, shear stress—shear rate, storage and loss modulus frequency at various temperatures, and strain stress; have been measured for different compositions of silica powder in water with 0.3 wt% tragacanth gum as a phase stabilizer.     

Swelling Behavior of Guar Gum-g-Poly(Sodium Acrylate -co-Styrene)/Attapulgite Superabsorbent Composites

A series of superabsorbent composites, guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate-co- styrene)/attapulgite [GG-g-P(NaA-co-St)/APT], were prepared by simultaneous grafting partially neutralized acrylic acid and hydrophobic styrene (St) onto guar gum in the presence of attapulgite as an inorganic component. Equilibrium swelling capacity strongly depended on the concentration of St, drastically increasing with increasing St concentration to 24.3 mmol/L and then decreasing. The influence of St concentration on the swelling kinetics of the superabsorbent was studied by means of a Schott's second-order model. The proper amount of St is of benefit for the improvement of the initial swelling rate in either distilled water or saline solution. The influence of St concentration on the swelling behaviors in various external media (the aqueous solutions of various salts, pHs, hydrophilic organic solvent/water mixture and surfactants) was also investigated systematically. Results showed that the concentration of St is the key factor influencing equilibrium swelling capacity of the superabsorbent composites in each swelling media, and moderate amounts of St could enhance the responsiveness of the corresponding superabsorbent composite to external stimulation.     

黄原胶发酵液蒸发器的传热性能研究

对黄原胶发酵液的蒸发浓缩进行了研究,测定了以3种不同传热管为传热面的蒸发器的传热和流体阻力性能．结果表明,以强化管为传热面的蒸发器的阻力有所提高,但其传热系数也得到了提高,是普通管的3．6倍左右．黄原胶发酵液的浓度从发酵终了时的2．5％～3．2％经浓缩提高到4．5％～5．0％,发酵液体积减小近1/2,从而有效地降低了目前黄原胶后提取过程中的溶剂周转使用量、消耗量和提取成本。