封闭系统中饱和冻结粘土冻胀率的解析解

冻土冻胀变形是由于土样中的水变成冰,使得土样的孔隙受到法向冻胀力的作用,导致孔隙扩展,土体的冻胀率由孔隙的扩展长度和水变成冰的膨胀率决定。封闭系统中饱和冻结粘土冻胀过程中,孔隙受到冻胀力的作用使得孔隙长轴扩展、短轴膨胀,长轴尖端屈服,致使孔隙的面积增大。通过分析孔隙受到冻胀力的作用而扩展,借助小屈服假设求得冻胀量的解析解。对青藏高原北麓河白青粘土的实验表明,所求得的解析解与实验结果较好地吻合。     

X‐ray Topographic Characterization of L‐Arginine Phosphate Monohydrate Crystals

L‐arginine phosphate monohydrate (LAP) organic crystals were investigated by X‐ray Lang topography. Selected topographs of nearly perfect seeded grown and self‐nucleated crystals show that typical defects inside are grown‐in and post‐growth dislocations, growth sector boundaries, and microbes, while their features are presented and discussed. No structural defects associated to the presence of step bunching on the (100) surface of the crystal have been observed by X‐ray topography.     

Morphology,Crystallization, and Melting of Single Crystals and Thin Films of Star‐branched Polyesters with Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Arms as Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy

The morphology and thermal stability of different sectors in solution‐ and melt‐grown crystals of star‐branched polyesters with poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) arms, and of a reference linear PCL, have been studied by tapping‐mode atomic‐force microscopy (AFM). Real‐time monitoring of melt‐crystallization in thin films of star‐branched and linear PCL has been performed using hot‐stage AFM. A striated fold surface was observed in both solution‐ and melt‐grown crystals of both star‐branched and linear PCL. The presence of striations in the melt‐grown crystals proved that this structure was genuine and not due to the collapse of tent‐shaped crystals. The crystals of the star‐branched polymers had smoother fold surfaces, which can be explained by the presence of dendritic cores close to the fold surfaces. The single crystals of linear PCL grown from solution showed earlier melting in the {100} sectors than in the {110} sectors, whereas no such sectorial dependence of the melting was found in the solution‐grown crystals of the star‐branched polymers. The proximity of the dendritic cores to the fold surface yields at least one amorphous PCL repeating unit next to the dendritic core and more nonadjacent and less sharp chain folding than in linear PCL single crystals; this evidently erased the difference in thermal stability between the {110} and {100} sectors. Melt‐crystallization in thin polymer films at 53–55°C showed 4 times faster crystal growth along b than along a, and more irregular crystals with niches on the lateral faces in star‐branched PCL than in linear PCL. Crystal growth rate was strictly constant with time. Multilayer crystals with central screw dislocation (growing with or without reorientation of the b–axis) and twisting were observed in both classes of polymers.     

Ionic thermocurrents in LiF and NaF containing substitutional divalent cation impurities

Abstract

By means of ITC and EPR we study the symmetry of the impurity vacancy dipoles in LiF and NaF.     

低温生长GaAs在Nd∶YVO4激光器中调Q特性的研究

采用一种新型的被动调Q饱和吸收体,低温生长GaAs薄膜，实现了半导体抽运Nd∶YVO4激光器的调Q运转.研究了激光器的调Q特性,调Q抽运阈值为2W.在抽运功率9.2 W时，获得的最短脉冲半峰全宽为15 ns，最大单脉冲能量为4.84 μJ，最高峰值功率为330 W，最大平均输出功率为1.16 W；脉冲重复频率在220 kHz到360 kHz之间.     

Long Paths and Cycles in Dynamical Graphs

We study the large-time dynamics of a Markov process whose states are finite directed graphs. The number of the vertices is described by a supercritical branching process, and the edges follow a certain mean-field dynamics determined by the rates of appending and deleting. We find sufficient conditions under which asymptotically a.s. the order of the largest component is proportional to the order of the graph. A lower bound for the length of the longest directed path in the graph is provided as well. We derive an explicit formula for the limit as time goes to infinity, of the expected number of cycles of a given finite length. Finally, we study the phase diagram.     

加速修改AHP中的判断矩阵的贪婪算法

通过分析判断矩阵 ,一致性矩阵 ,导出矩阵及度量矩阵的关系 ,提出一种修改判断矩阵的预测加速修正的贪婪算法 .贪婪法不追求最优解 ,不要回溯 ,只希望得到较为满意的解 .当判断矩阵的一致性较差时 ,基于度量矩阵中偏离大的元素对判断矩阵一致性的影响较大 ,通过导出矩阵和度量矩阵得出加速修正的步长 .每次只修改判断矩阵的一对元素 .实例分析表明 ,修改 AHP中的判断矩阵的贪婪算法是可行的 .     

A biomimetic approach to enhance selectivity of direct dyes using VGCNF in polysulphone based nanofiltration membranes

Mussel inspired chemistry has gain tremendous interest in the field of membrane science and technology. Inspired by the adhesive proteins present in mussels, approaches involving the dopamine to modify the surfaces have become the predominantly striking strategy. In this work, an effective strategy is proposed to improve the selectivity of vapour grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) via the bio inspired polydopamine (PDA) functionalization approach. The varying concentration of modified VGCNF (D-A-VGCNFs) were employed in polysulphone (PS) membrane. The morphological characteristics of membranes were evaluated by SEM and AFM. Data depicted the uniform distribution of nanofibers (NFs) in the media and amended microstructure of the membranes. Modified membrane having the maximum amount of D-A-VGCNFs (DM5) proved to be more hydrophilic in nature with contact angle value of 57° whereas the CA value of pure PS membrane (DM0) was 76°. The performance test confirmed that the DM5 has enhanced dye rejection ratios which are 95%, 97% and 96% with improved permeate fluxes (like 56 L/m².h, 40 L/m².h and 53 L/m².h for Direct Red 31, Direct Blue 86 and Direct Yellow 4 dyes respectively. Furthermore, DM5 showed much better anti-fouling properties after several cycles as compared to DM0. So, this work proved to be a milestone in the applications of nanofiltration (NF) membranes to remove the dyes from the textile wastewater.     

负氢离子转移反应对脂肪烃催化裂化体系贡献的定量研究

负氢离子转移反应(htr)是重要的催化裂化基元反应之一.利用单事件微动力学模型对脂肪烃催化裂化的评估结果,从分子层面论述了htr反应的自催化特性.结果表明:原料中1-辛烯的存在提高了正碳离子活性中心覆盖率,尤其在原料转化率低的情况下,进而产生了更高的htr反应速率.htr反应速率不受原料中烯烃加入的影响,生成叔正碳离子的htr反应速率比生成仲正碳离子的速率快近5个数量级.对裂化反应机理比率(CMR)和反应链长(CL)的考察结果表明:当原料为纯烷烃时,两者的数值相近；当原料中加入烯烃时,CMR会受到明显影响,而CL几乎保持恒定.     

表面改性对VGCF分散性质的影响

针对气相生长碳纤维极易团聚及与树脂基体界面结合能力较差的难题,采用双氧水-浓硝酸二步法对VGCF进行表面改性处理。利用X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等测试分析了改性前后VGCF的表面结构和在溶剂中的分散性,并以形状记忆聚氨酯为基体,采用溶液混合法制备了气相生长碳纤维/形状记忆聚氨酯的复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能。经过改性后,VGCF的石墨晶型结构几乎没有改变,VGCF表面的含氧官能团浓度得到较大提高,且其在有机溶剂中的分散性及分散稳定性也得到很大提高;在气相生长碳纤维/形状记忆聚氨酯的复合材料截面中,扫描电镜观察表明表面改性使得VGCF在基体中的分散性及与基体的界面结合能力都得到一定程度的提高;经二步法改性处理后的气相生长碳纤维比未处理气相生长碳纤维对复合材料的力学性能的增强效果更为明显。