基于小波包分析的声发射源定位方法

通过用小波和小波包对声发射信号进行分解,研究了声发射信号的频散现象,探讨了频散现象与声发射源距传感器距离的关系.为消除声速测量偏差给声发射系统带来的定位误差,利用该关系和在薄板中传播的Lamb波的频散现象,提出了一种在不知道发射源声速的情况下进行声发射源定位的新方法,且不必增加传感器的数量.以铅笔芯折断产生信号为模拟源进行了试验验证.结果表明,该方法可以比较准确地确定声发射源的位置,而且理论值与实际值相差很小.     

Ginzburg-Landau方程的椭圆函数解与包络孤立波解

通过对Ginzburg-Landau方程系数的分析,给出其包络波解存在的一个必要条件.利用两类辅助椭圆方程,求得Ginzburg-Landau方程的多种椭圆函数解,其极限情形可以还原为经典的包络孤立波解.     

粗糙表面的毫米波辐射温度建模

在分析辐射能量和温度关系的基础上,利用最小二乘法对天空温度函数进行拟合。基于菲涅尔方程,提出一种可以用于表面粗糙的地面物体辐射温度计算的数学模型。该模型适用于波长介于1～3 mm波段的计算。最后,利用3 mm直流Dicke式辐射计探测地面物体辐射温度的方式对模型进行实验验模。实验结果及误差分析表明,该模型能较好地表征粗糙表面的辐射特性,避免了复杂的电磁计算。     

Nonplanar Shock Structures in a Relativistic Degenerate Multi-Species Plasma

A nonlinear propagation of cylindrical and spherical modified ion-acoustic (mIA) waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless, relativistic, degenerate multi-species plasma has been investigated theoretically. This plasma system is assumed to contain non-relativistic degenerate light ions, both non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic degenerate electron and positron fluids, and arbitrarily charged static heavy ions. The restoring force is provided by the degenerate pressures of the electrons and positrons, whereas the inertia is provided by the mass of ions. The arbitrarily charged static heavy ions participate only in maintaining the quasi-neutrality condition at equilibrium. The modified Burgers (mB) equation is derived by using reductive perturbation technique and numerically analyzed to identify the basic features of mIA shock structures. The basic characteristics of mIA shock waves are found to be significantly modified by the effects of degenerate pressures of electron, positron, and ion fluids, their number densities, and various charge state of heavy ions. The implications of our results to dense plasmas in astrophysical compact objects (e.g., non-rotating white dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.) are briefly discussed.     

Transition wave in a supported heavy beam

We consider a heavy, uniform, elastic beam rested on periodically distributed supports as a simplified model of a bridge. The supports are subjected to a partial destruction propagating as a failure wave along the beam. Three related models are examined and compared: (a) a uniform elastic beam on a distributed elastic foundation, (b) an elastic beam in which the mass is concentrated at a discrete set of points corresponding to the discrete set of the elastic supports and (c) a uniform elastic beam on a set of discrete elastic supports. Stiffness of the support is assumed to drop when the stress reaches a critical value. In the formulation, it is also assumed that, at the moment of the support damage, the value of the ‘added mass’, which reflects the dynamic response of the support, is dropped too. Strong similarities in the behavior of the continuous and discrete-continuous models are detected. Three speed regimes, subsonic, intersonic and supersonic, where the failure wave is or is not accompanied by elastic waves excited by the moving jump in the support stiffness, are considered and related characteristic speeds are determined. With respect to these continuous and discrete-continuous models, the conditions are found for the failure wave to exist, to propagate uniformly or to accelerate. It is also found that such beam-related transition wave can propagate steadily only at the intersonic speeds. It is remarkable that the steady-state speed appears to decrease as the jump of the stiffness increases.     

Compressional waves in fluid-saturated porous solid containing a penny-shaped crack

Diffraction of normal compression waves by a penny-shaped crack in a fluid-saturated porous medium is investigated. Two wave types are considered, namely, compressional wave of the first kind, and the second kind. The former, also known as fast wave, propagates primarily through the solid, whereas the latter or slow wave, propagates mainly in the fluid. Each wave propagates in the medium along with induced wave of the same type in the companion constituent of the material. Application of Biot’s theory in conjunction with integral transform technique reduces the problem to a mixed boundary-value problem whose solution is in turn governed by a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Near-field and far-field solutions are obtained in terms of the dynamic stress-intensity factor and the scattering cross section, respectively. They are of particular importance to the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and in the scattering theory of elastic waves. The mode I stress-intensity factors are computed numerically for a set of selected material property values, and shown graphically for various mass density and viscosity-to-permeability ratios. The obtained results reveal significant impact of the presence of pore fluid upon the stress-intensity factors, both magnitudes and frequencies at their peak values. The influence of the fluid is also observed from the calculated scattering cross sections of the scattered far-field. Accuracy of the present solution procedure is verified by comparing the numerical results with existing results in the limiting case of dry elastic materials.     

Resonant reflection of a surface acoustic wave from strip waveguides

A numerical study is performed of the oblique reflection of a surface acoustic wave from a strip of finite width deposited on the surface of a half-infinite substrate. The finite element method is used. If the strip–substrate contact supports waveguide modes with the velocity exceeding the surface wave velocity on the free surface of the substrate, then an interval of angles of incidence exists where the surface wave efficiently excites a waveguide mode. The excitation of the waveguide mode is accompanied by a singular behavior of the reflection and the transmission coefficients. The dependence of the magnitude and the phase of the coefficients on the angle of incidence, the frequency, the width and the thickness of the strip is examined. In particular, it is found that the magnitude of the reflection coefficient abruptly almost vanishes and abruptly increases almost to unity within the resonance interval of angles of incidence.     

Study of Convection in a Liquid with a Free Surface Using Exponential Fitting Discretization

The two-dimensional flow of viscous incompressible liquid in a square cavity with a Tree boundary and differentially heated vertical sides is considered in the present work. The influence of gravitational and thermocapillary convection on temperature and velocity fields is studied in a large range of dimensionless parameters and similarity criteria using method of exponential fitting discretization. Limiting cases of dimensionless parameters are analyzed numerically.     

Spherical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Solitons in a Suprathermal Complex Plasma

The nonlinear aspects of nonplanar dust acoustic (DA) solitary waves are investigated in an unmagnetized complex plasma comprising of cold dust grains, kappa-distributed ions as well as electrons. The nonplanar DA solitons are studied based on the reductive perturbation technique. It is shown that the evolution of DA solitons is governed by a spherical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (sKP) equation and then the impact of suprathermality on the spatial structure as well as the nature of DA soliton is studied. It seems that the properties of DA solitons in nonplanar geometry are quite different from that of the planar solitons.     

Effect on Landau damping rates for non-Maxwellian distribution function consisting of two electron populations

In many physical situations where a laser or electron beam passes through a dense plasma, hot low-density electron populations can be generated, resulting in a particle distribution function consisting of a dense cold population and a small hot population. Presence of such low-density electron distributions can alter the wave damping rate. Kinetic model is employed to study the Landau damping of Langmuir waves when a small hot electron population is present in the dense cold electron population with non-Maxwellian distribution functions. Departure of plasma from Maxwellian distributions significantly alters the damping rates as compared to the Maxwellian plasma. Strong damping is found for highly non-Maxwellian distributions as well as plasmas with higher dense and hot electron population. Existence of weak damping is also established when the distribution contains broadened flat tops at the low energies or tends to be Maxwellian. These results may be applied in both experimental and space physics regimes.