Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis investigation of the thermal properties and degradation of some radiation‐grafted films and membranes

The influence of irradiation and grafting on the crystallinity of three base polymers has been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. Grafting has the largest effect on the base polymer crystallinity and results in a reduction of the crystallinity. The thermal degradation of the base polymers and grafted films has been investigated with thermogravimetric analysis. The extent of the fluorination of the base polymer, the irradiation method, and the graft level all influence the thermal degradation and its activation energy. It is proposed that the variation of the chain lengths of the grafted polystyrene chains is actually a primary underlying factor responsible for the influence of these various parameters on the degradation process. The first results of a comparative thermal analysis of some fuel‐cell membranes are also presented, and the promise and shortcomings of this method are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2612–2624, 2004     

Ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene‐fiber surface treatment by electron‐beam‐irradiation‐induced graft polymerization and its effect on adhesion in a styrene–butadiene rubber matrix

Aiming to develop a high‐performance fiber‐reinforced rubber from styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), we applied a special technique using electron‐beam (EB)‐irradiation‐induced graft polymerization to ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. The molecular interaction between the grafted UHMWPE fibers and an SBR matrix was studied through the evaluation of the adhesive behavior of the fibers in the SBR matrix. Although UHMWPE was chemically inert, two monomers, styrene and N‐vinyl formamide (NVF), were examined for graft polymerization onto the UHMWPE fiber surface. Styrene was not effective, but NVF was graft‐polymerized onto the UHMWPE fibers with this special method. A methanol/water mixture and dioxane were used as solvents for NVF, and the effects of the solvents on the grafting percentage of NVF were also examined. The methanol/water mixture was more effective. A grafting percentage of 16.4% was the highest obtained. This improved the adhesive force threefold with respect to that of untreated UHMWPE fibers. These results demonstrated that EB irradiation enabled graft polymerization to occur even on the inert surface of UHMWPE fibers. However, the mechanical properties of the fibers could be compromised according to the dose of EB irradiation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2595–2603, 2004     

具脉冲效应的时滞周期捕食与被捕食系统正周期解的存在性

本文研究一类具脉冲效应的时滞周期捕食与被捕食系统，利用重合度理论中的方法，获得该系统至少存在一个正周期解的充分条件。     

关于树的逆对偶度一个猜想的证明

关于树的逆对偶度有下列猜想:Ivd≥R,本文证明,当R>0时,Ivd≥R+1/3     

过渡金属乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与烯基单体接枝共聚

研究了Ｍｎ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）和Ｖ（Ⅳ）的乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与ＭＭＡ、ＡＮ、ＡＭ和ＡＡ接枝共聚合反应的引发活性。实验表明，４种引发体系中，Ｍｎ（ａｃａｃ）３的引发活性最佳，它可以有效地引发淀粉与上述４种单体的接枝共聚合反应，并获得较高的ＰＧ；Ｃｏ（ａｃａｃ）３和Ｃｒ（ａｃａｃ）３仅对水溶性烯基单体ＡＭ、ＡＡ有良好的引发活性；Ｖｏ（ａｃａｃ）２对４种单体的引发活性均较低。４种单体中，水     

C(R)中非线性最佳逼近的特征

对 C(R)中一类非凸子集,在一特定的距离下,给出了最佳逼近的特征,其中包括 Kolmogorov 型与 Chebyshev 交错型特征定理。作为推论,我们得到了在这距离下有理最佳逼近的特征.     

On potentially <Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-graphic sequences

For given a graph H, a graphic sequence π = (d ₁, d ₂,..., d _n) is said to be potentially H-graphic if there is a realization of π containing H as a subgraph. In this paper, we characterize the potentially (K ₅ − e)-positive graphic sequences and give two simple necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive graphic sequence π to be potentially K ₅-graphic, where K _r is a complete graph on r vertices and K _r-e is a graph obtained from K _r by deleting one edge. Moreover, we also give a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a positive graphic sequence π to be potentially K ₆-graphic. Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10401010).     

Multiple doubly periodic solutions of semi-linear damped beam equations

The purpose of this work is to investigate the weakened Ambrosetti–Prodi type multiplicity results for weak doubly periodic solutions of damped beam equations. By using the topological degree theory, the author obtains a result which is similar to the result for damped wave equations in the literature.     

Novel UV‐induced photografting process for preparing poly(tetrafluoroethylene)‐based proton‐conducting membranes

A novel process comprising the UV‐induced photografting of styrene into poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation has been developed for preparing proton‐conducting membranes. Although under UV irradiation the initial radicals were mainly generated on the surface of the PTFE films by the action of photosensitizers such as xanthone and benzoyl peroxide, the graft chains were readily propagated into the PTFE films. The sulfonation of the grafted films was performed in a chlorosulfonic acid solution. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the grafted and sulfonated membranes. With a view to use in fuel cells, the proton conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties of the prepared membranes were measured. Even through the degree of grafting was lower than 10%, the proton conductivity in the thickness direction of the newly prepared membranes could reach a value similar to that of a Nafion membrane. In comparison with γ‐ray radiation grafting, UV‐induced photografting is very simple and safe and is less damaging to the membranes because significant degradation of the PTFE main chains can be avoided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2624–2637, 2007