钨酸铅闪烁晶体垂直梯度凝固法生长及光学性能研究

本文报道了垂直梯度凝固法(VGF)生长PWO晶体的研究结果.通过优化工艺参数,成功获得直径25mm、长度140mm的PWO晶体.通过测试PWO晶体的XRD、透过光谱、荧光光谱等,研究了所得晶体的光学性能.结果表明:VGF法生长PWO晶体在350～420 nm处的光学透过率明显提高,荧光发光主峰位于435 nm,是快发光峰,但慢发光比例有所增加.     

单方柱绕流的直接数值模拟研究

为了揭示柱体绕流的湍流流动机理,采用直接数值模拟方法对雷诺数为1200的单方柱绕流工况进行研究。首先通过与文献中斯特劳哈尔数、平均流速和表面压强系数等统计量进行对比,验证了数值方法的可靠性。其次采用本征正交分解方法系统地提取流场中的相干结构,结果表明：对于速度场的模态分解,第一阶模态代表平均速度场的特征,第二、三阶模态提取的是流场中的低频大尺度旋涡特征,第四、第五阶模态提取的是流场中的高频小尺度旋涡特征。最后基于联合概率密度函数分析速度梯度张量第二、第三不变量,发现方柱下游大致可分为两个流动阶段：发展阶段,流场以涡流层结构和耗散作用为主,涡流管结构逐渐生成;成熟阶段,流场中湍流结构伴随着高涡量拟能和高能量耗散率。     

Pulsatile blood flow in large arteries: comparative study of Burton’s and McDonald’s models

To get a clear picture of the pulsatile nature of blood flow and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a comparative study of blood flow in large arteries is carried out using the two widely used models, McDonald＇s and Burton＇s models, for the pressure gradient. For both models, the blood velocity in the lumen is obtained analytically. Elaborate investigations on the wall shear stress （WSS） and oscillatory shear index （OSI） are carried out. The results are in good agreement with the available data in the literature. The superiority of McDonald＇s model in capturing the pulsatile nature of blood flow, especially the OSI, is highlighted. The present investigation supports the hypothesis that not only WSS but also OSI are the essential features determining the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Finally, by reviewing the limitations of the present investigation, the possibility of improvement is explored.     

无约束多目标优化的记忆梯度法

基于无约束单目标记忆梯度法,本文提出了一种无约束多目标优化问题的记忆梯度法,并证明了算法在Armijo线性搜索下的收敛性。数据试验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

Effect of an adverse pressure gradient on the streamwise Reynolds stress profile maxima in a turbulent boundary layer

It is widely accepted that in a turbulent boundary layer （TBL） with adverse pressure gradient （APG） an outer peak usually appears in the profile of streamwise Reynolds stress. However, the effect of APG on this outer peak is not clearly understood. In this paper, the effect of APG is analysed using the numerical and experimental results in the literature. Because the effect of upstream flow is inherent in the TBL, we first analyse this effect in TBLs with zero pressure gradient on flat plates. Under the individual effect of upstream flow, an outer peak already appears in the profile of streamwise Reynolds stress when the TBL continues developing in the streamwise direction. The APG accelerates the appearance of the outer peak, instead of being a trigger.     

Strain gradient solution for a finite-domain Eshelby-type anti-plane strain inclusion problem

A solution for the finite-domain Eshelby-type inclusion problem of a finite elastic body containing an anti-plane strain inclusion of arbitrary cross-sectional shape prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). The formulation is facilitated by an extended Betti’s reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana’s identity based on the SSGET and suitable for anti-plane strain problems. The disturbed displacement field is obtained in terms of the SSGET-based Green’s function for an infinite anti-plane strain elastic body. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain anti-plane strain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is not considered. The problem of a circular cylindrical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite cylindrical elastic matrix undergoing anti-plane strain deformations is analytically solved by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its average over the circular cross section of the inclusion obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor, being dependent on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and a material length scale parameter, captures the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing ones. It reduces to the classical linear elasticity-based Eshelby tensor for the circular cylindrical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are suppressed. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing with the increase of the inclusion size, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction becomes sufficiently low.     

A NONLINEAR MICROBEAM MODEL BASED ON STRAIN GRADIENT ELASTICITY THEORY

A micro scale nonlinear beam model based on strain gradient elasticity is developed.Governing equations of motion and boundary conditions are obtained in a variational framework.As an example,the nonlinear vibration of microbeams is analyzed.In a beam having a thickness to length parameter ratio close to unity,the strain gradient effect on increasing the natural frequency is predominant.By increasing the beam thickness,this effect decreases and geometric nonlinearity plays the main role on increasing the natural frequency.For some specific ratios,both geometric nonlinearity and size effects have a significant role on increasing the natural frequency.     

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A GRADIENT ELASTIC POLYMERIC FIBER

A dynamic analysis of an elastic gradient-dependent polymeric fiber subjected to a periodic excitation is considered.A nonlinear gradient elasticity constitutive equation with strain-dependent gradient coefficients is first derived and the dispersive wave propagation properties for its linearized counterpart are briefly discussed.For the linearized problem a variational formulation is also developed to obtain related boundary conditions of both classical(standard)and non-classical(gradient)type.Analytical solutions in the form of Fourier series for the fiber’s displacement and strain fields are provided.The solutions depend on a dimensionless scale parameter(the diameter to length radio d = D/L)and,therefore,size effects are captured.     

An Adaptive Mesh Rezoning for FSI Problems

In the problems of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) the mesh updating scheme plays a key role. We have developed an adaptive mesh rezoning technique which is applicable to the three-dimensional FSI problems. In order to prevent the inversion of elements in the mesh and to maintain a well-conditioned shape for successive time-step calculations, we introduce constrained conditions of dilatational strain in the least-square form as well as the gradient of displacement vectors, in relatively small elements. By the present mesh rezoning technique, even under the large deformation of boundaries concerned, we can reduce the use of the process of mesh generation and switching of nodal values at the interboundary of time slabs. These steps require rather significant CPU time and induced projection errors of nodal values from the previous mesh to the current one. The case of collapsing tube problems shows the remarkable potential of our method. The present method is entirely general in that it can be applied to structured and unstructured meshes, effectively.     

基于梯度矢量流和主动轮廓模型的海陆边界提取

利用边缘检测与主动轮廓模型组合的方法可提取海陆边界线,但易受轮廓跟踪的缺点影响.在该方法的基础上,利用边缘检测与梯度矢量流的有向力作用生成初始轮廓线,再使用主动轮廓模型对初始轮廓线进行调整,得到精确的海陆边界.实验证明该方法可简便地生成有效的初始轮廓线并准确提取海陆边界,避免使用轮廓跟踪法.该方法可利用GIS数据辅助以简化提取流程.