湿地芦苇不同组织超氧阴离子产生速率及丙二醛含量

本文以陕西黄河湿地芦苇为对象,通过羟胺氧化法和硫代巴比妥酸法测定芦苇不同组织超氧阴离子的产生速率和丙二醛的含量。结果表明,芦苇的根、茎、叶中超氧阴离子产生的速率不同,且存在一定的差距。根的产生速率最快,茎的次之,叶的最慢,根与叶之间的速率相差较大。芦苇的根、茎、叶中丙二醛的含量明显不同,叶含量最多,其次是根,最少是茎。通过测定芦苇不同组织超氧阴离子产生速率和丙二醛含量,以期为陕西黄河湿地芦苇进一步研究提供数据基础。     

A complete stability theorem for foliations with singularities

We study codimension one smooth foliations with singularities on closed manifolds. We assume that the singularities are nondegenerate (of Bott-Morse type) in the sense of Scárdua and Seade (2009) [9] and prove a version of Thurston-Reeb stability theorem in terms of a component of the singular set: If all singularities are of center type and the foliation exhibits a compact leaf with trivial Cohomology group of degree one or a codimension ?3 component of the singular set with trivial Cohomology group of degree one then the foliation is compact and stable.     

基于烟叶近红外光谱主成分数据的投影方法研究及其在复烤配方中的应用

对近红外技术在烟草中的应用作了简要的概述,报道了两种基于近红外光谱主成分的投影矢量求解方法,分别简称为PPF_PCA和PPF_Eig,并对两种方法在复烤配方中的应用与评价做了比较研究.对9类烟叶工业分级样品光谱进行一维投影分析的结果表明:PPF_PCA方法得到的一维投影值的类间差异性和类内差异性均大于PPF_Eig方法,其中各类间投影均值的平均绝对偏差前者约为后者的1.26倍.同时应用第一维投影值所占贡献率的情况对此结果进行了解释,PPF_PCA方法一维投影值所占贡献率为93%,PPF_Eig方法一维投影值所占贡献率为77%,前者约为后者的1.21倍,因此,PPF_PCA方法得到的一维投影值中包含更多类间和类内的差异性信息.应用烟叶各类工业分级样品的一维投影图能客观的评价各类样品之间的相似性及各类内样品之间的差异性,可方便的作为烟叶复烤配方的参考依据,同时在其他农产品(如中药等)配方中也具有较好的应用前景.     

濒危植物黄山梅及其相关植物的叶表皮特征研究

对黄山梅属(Kirengeshoma Yatabe)黄山梅(Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe)及其相关植物--草绣球属(Cardiandra Sieb.＆Zucc.)和银梅草属(Deinanthe Maxim.)植物作了叶表皮的微形态研究.结果表明:黄山梅(Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe)叶下表皮细胞不规则,垂周壁深波状,气孔类型为不规则型;叶上表皮不规则或近多角形,垂周壁平直、弓形或波状.叶上、下表面均具单细胞T形毛,毛上疣突显著.毛基为单细胞型.草绣球(Cardiandra mollendorffii Li)叶下表皮不规则,垂周壁深波状,气孔类型为不规则型;叶上表皮细胞不规则,垂周壁浅波状,具针晶,单毛,具鞘状结构,表面光滑.毛基为多细胞型.二裂叶银梅草(Deinanthe bifida Maxim.)和银梅草(Deinanthe caerulea Stapf.)叶下表皮细胞不规则,垂周壁深波状,气孔类型为不规则型;叶上表皮细胞形状与垂周壁式样同叶下表皮,且均具针晶.另外,在二裂叶银梅草叶上、下表面发现两种类型的毛:锥形毛和T形毛.结合三属的现有资料,通过比较分析,笔者初步认为: 三属性状高度重叠,关系甚密,银梅草属可能是黄山梅属和草绣球属的过渡类型;叶表皮特征观察结果不支持Takhtajan系统把黄山梅独立出来提升为亚科的观点.     

光谱指数的植被叶片含水量反演

利用光谱技术监测植被水分状况是了解植被生理状况及生长趋势的重要手段之一。选择艾比湖湿地自然保护区作为靶区。采用聚类分析、变量投影重要性分析(VIP)以及敏感性分析等方法，对植被不同含水量进行分级，并针对不同等级的植被含水量进行估算及验证。结果表明： (1)基于聚类分析中的欧氏距离的方法将植被叶片相对含水量划分为高等、中等、低等三个等级，其范围分别为70.76%～80.69%，53.27%～70.76%，31.00%～53.27%。在中红外与远红外(1 350～2 500 nm)之间，反射率越低植被含水量越高；波长380～1 350 nm范围，无此现象。(2)应用VIP方法可知，所选的8种植被水分指数VIP值均超过了0.8，说明植被水分指数预测能力均较强且差别不显著。其中MSI，GVMI与植被叶片相对含水量的非线性三次拟合函数效果最佳，MSI决定系数R2为0.6575和GVMI决定系数R2为0.674 2。植被叶片相对含水量在30%～45%范围，MSI指数的NE值最低，在45%～90%范围时，GVMI指数的NE值最低。NDWI₁₂₄₀指数的NE值在70%左右起伏较大，说明NDWI₁₂₄₀ 指数在植被含水量为70%左右，预测能力较差。(3)通过误差分析可知GVMI指数反演的结果误差最小，不同的植被指数对不同含水量的植被估算结果相差较为明显，因此分段估算植被含水量是有必要的。综上所述，利用高光谱遥感技术对监测艾比湖保护区植被生长及干旱环境提供基础研究。     

Single-step fabrication of bionic-superhydrophobic surface using reciprocating-type high-speed wire cut electrical discharge machining

In this work, bionic-superhydrophobic surfaces on aluminum alloy 5083 are fabricated by reciprocatingtype high-speed wire cut electrical discharge machining based on the hydrophobic property of the rice leaf. Submillimeter-scale rectangular grooves are processed on the surfaces. The superhydrophobic surface has shown a static contact angle of 158°, which is similar to the rice leaf. The morphological features are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, showing that the craters and bumps are uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the rectangular grooves with porous nanostructures. The method proposed in this work has the advantages of using only one step,requiring no further procedure to lower the surface energy and processing a large-area surface efficiently.     

A combination of solid‐phase extraction and dispersive solid‐phase extraction effectively reduces the matrix interference in liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection during pyraclostrobin analysis in perilla leaves

Perilla leaves contain many interfering substances; thus, it is difficult to protect the analytes during identification and integration. Furthermore, increasing the amount of sample to lower the detection limit worsens the situation. To overcome this problem, we established a new method using a combination of solid‐phase extraction and dispersive solid‐phase extraction to analyze pyraclostrobin in perilla leaves by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection. The target compound was quantitated by external calibration with a good determination coefficient (R² = 0.997). The method was validated (in triplicate) with three fortification levels, and 79.06– 89.10% of the target compound was recovered with a relative standard deviation <4. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.0033 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The method was successfully applied to field samples collected from two different areas at Gwangju and Muan. The decline in the resiudue concentrations was best ascribed to a first‐order kinetic model with half‐lives of 5.7 and 4.6 days. The variation between the patterns was attributed to humidity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一个新水稻低温敏感叶色突变体tcm11的鉴定及基因定位

对粳稻"嘉花1号"经~(60)Coγ诱变处理获得的稳定遗传低温敏感叶色突变体tcm11(thermo-sensitive chloroplast mutant 11)进行了表型鉴定与遗传分析.在20℃条件下,该突变体三叶期之前幼苗均表现为黄色,光合色素含量明显下降,叶绿体发育不完整,从第4叶开始逐渐转为浅黄绿色直至最后死亡.而在32℃条件下,其表型与野生型相比没有明显差异,具有低温敏感属性.通过对培矮64S与tcm11杂交的F_2代分离群体进行遗传分析,发现该低温敏感突变体性状是受单个隐性核基因(tcm11)控制,利用图位克隆技术对tcm11进行定位,将其定位在第11号染色体的InDel分子标记ID13252与SSR分子标记MM1361之间一个约1 566 kb的区域内.这也为后续的研究奠定了基础.     

铬胁迫对西红花叶片蛋白表达谱的影响

铬是植物的非必需元素，对植物的生长发育具有显著的抑制作用.采用双向电泳和质谱技术，研究了铬胁迫对西红花叶片蛋白表达的影响.通过质谱技术，成功鉴定出9个在铬胁迫后下调表达的蛋白，分别为细胞分裂循环蛋白48、ATP合成酶α亚基、核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶长链（2个）、未知蛋白、核酮糖二磷酸羧化加氧酶、蛋白酶体α亚基、铁蛋白和蛋白酶体β亚基；6个上调表达的蛋白，分别为蔗糖合酶、真核起始因子4A、α-1，4-葡聚糖蛋白合成酶、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶、异黄酮还原酶类似物IRL和未知蛋白.以上结果为研究植物响应铬胁迫的分子机制提供了参考.