Ionic liquid aqueous solvent-based microwave-assisted hydrolysis for the extraction and HPLC determination of myricetin and quercetin from Myrica rubra leaves

An ionic liquid aqueous solvent‐based microwave‐assisted hydrolysis (ILAS‐MAH) approach was proposed for the rapid extraction and accurate determination of myricetin and quercetin from Myrica rubra (M. rubra) leaves for the first time. The effects of the ionic liquid class and concentration, liquid–solid ratio, hydrolysis temperature and time were investigated to obtain the optimal ILAS‐MAH conditions. The optimized conditions were 2.0 mol/L [bmin][HSO4] or 2.5 mol/L acidified [bmin]Br solution, liquid–solid ratio 30:1 (mL : g), hydrolysis temperature 70°C and hydrolysis time 10 min. Under these conditions, the recoveries of myricetin and quercetin were in the range of 86.3–107.3% with relative standard deviation lower than 5.8%. Compared with conventional heating hydrolysis and regular MAH, the proposed approach reduced hydrolysis time and improved yields. The mechanism of ILAS‐MAH was also investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selective recovery of rosmarinic and carnosic acids from rosemary leaves under ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction procedures

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) are currently amongst the foremost green techniques for accelerating extraction processes. Several methods for the efficient recovery of the phenolic compounds from rosemary leaves have so far been proposed, but little data are available on the use of UAE and MAE. The aim of this work is to investigate the efficiency and selectivity of these techniques in recovering fractions of specific phenolic compounds from dried rosemary leaves using solvents that are suitable for food applications. UAE has been carried out by means of a probe system equipped with a titanium horn working at 19.5 kHz (140 W). MAE has been performed in a closed multimode reactor under N₂ (20 bar) at 100 °C. All obtained extracts were dissolved in a defined solvent volume and the solutions were directly analyzed using a combination of the HPLC-DAD-MS and TOF techniques. MAE and UAE in ethanol and acetone dramatically increased phenol yield (more than three times) as compared to more traditional solid–liquid extraction processes. In terms of selectivity, remarkably high rosmarinic acid content (6.8% of the dried extract) was obtained in ethanol under ultrasound (US). Even more impressive is the selectivity of UAE in n-hexane which gave the highest carnosic acid content, up to 13% of the dried extract. In conclusion, non-conventional energy sources and, in particular, high-intensity US have proven themselves to be rapid, efficient, and selective techniques for rosemary leaf extraction and provide fractions with high rosmarinic and carnosic acid contents.     

银杏叶提取物中染料木素的分离纯化及结构鉴定

对银杏叶提取物进行酸水解,然后利用正相硅胶柱色谱及重结晶法从银杏叶水解物中分离出染料木素,经紫外光谱（UV）、质谱（MSn）、核磁共振（1H NMR、13C NMR）等波谱学方法鉴定证实了其结构。高效液相色谱分析表明,所提纯的染料木素纯度达到了98%以上。     

苜蓿叶蛋白脱色及色素的研究

本文讨论了苜蓿叶蛋白浓缩物（Ｌｅａｆｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｏｎｃｅｒｔｒａｔｅｓ）的分离、脱色的方法及苜蓿叶中色素的含量及部分性质的研究，从而确定了叶蛋白浓缩物及苜蓿叶中色素在食品工业和饲料工业中的用途。     

原子吸收法测定杜仲叶中无机元素含量

本文报道了利用原子吸收分光光度法对杜仲叶中无机元素含量的测定．结果表明，杜仲叶中富含人体必需的微量元素及宏量元素，有害无素Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ含量较低，同时测定了杜仲皮中无机元素含量．     

微量量热法研究细菌对大青叶生物碱和青霉素钠的耐药性

用瑞典产的2277型热活性检测仪测定了不同浓度的大青叶生物碱和青霉素钠对大肠杆菌的代谢作用,并用计算机处理得出最小抑菌浓度(MIC);在小于最小抑菌浓度的药物浓度下培养耐药菌,然后测出在该浓度作用下的耐药菌的生长代谢过程,并处理得出细菌对大青叶生物碱和青霉素钠耐药性的规律,利用该仪器还测定了交叉耐药性.     

甘肃平凉崆峒山不同海拔梯度辽东栎叶特性变化

以甘肃崆峒山不同海拔尺度上的辽东栎叶片为实验材料,对其比叶面积、毛基密度、气孔长度和气孔密度进行测定,探索海拔变化对崆峒山辽东栎生理形态的影响以及叶片解剖学特性对海拔梯度的适应性,从而为选择化石植物重建古环境提供依据.结果与分析表明:随海拔升高,比叶面积、气孔长度、气孔密度呈二元曲线关系,而毛基密度则呈一元线性关系;所有叶特征参数均在1 935 m处具显著转变,推测该海拔附近是崆峒山辽东栎的最佳生长区域;海拔1 935 m之上的区域,低温逐渐成为制约辽东栎生长的环境因素.     

10种蕨类植物叶表皮特征的研究

利用光学显微镜对3科5属10种蕨类植物的叶表皮形态进行了观察和研究.结果表明:(1)它们的叶表皮细胞大多为不规则型,表皮细胞垂周壁均呈深波状;(2)气孔为下生型,多呈椭圆形;共观察到9种气孔器类型(不等细胞型、极细胞型、腋下细胞型、无规则四细胞型、放射状细胞型、聚合极细胞型、横列型、带状细胞型和围绕细胞型),每种植物具有2~6种不同类型的气孔器;(3)根据叶表皮特征,支持姬蕨科与碗蕨科合并,而凤尾蕨科与铁线蕨科单独成科.研究结果为姬蕨科、凤尾蕨科和铁线蕨科植物的系统演化及分类提供科学依据.     

复方桐叶烧伤油中桐叶麻油两组分同时薄层色谱鉴别

以桐叶药材、熊果酸、芝麻素为对照品,采用薄层色谱方法对复方桐叶烧伤油中的桐叶、麻油进行定性鉴别,并吸取供试品溶液和对照品溶液点于硅胶G薄层板,以环已烷—乙醚—乙酸丁酯—冰醋酸（体积比为20∶5∶4∶0.2）为展开剂进行实验.展开结果显示,供试品溶液色谱中各斑点分离度好、斑点清晰,熊果酸R_f=为0.45,芝麻素R_f为0.23,复方桐叶烧伤油供试品色谱与对照药材、对照品色谱在相应位置上显现出相同颜色的斑点.鉴别方法操作简便,重现性好,可用于复方桐叶烧伤油的质量控制.