机器随机故障时使拖后工件数最少的单机调度问题

本文讨论了机器随机故障时，使拖后工件数最少的的单机调度问题，结果表明，确定情况下的Ｍｏｏｒｅ－Ｈｏｄｇｓｏｎ算法，在机器随机故障时，能以概率１确定最优工件排序。     

Co、Ni、Cu、Zn离子对蓝藻藻胆体光谱影响研究

应用吸收光谱和荧光光谱的方法研究了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）４种重金属离子对螺旋藻及其藻胆体—类囊体膜的作用．４种金属离子可降低藻胆体在６２４ｎｍ的特征光吸收峰，并使藻胆体—类囊体膜的发射荧光峰下降、蓝移，使Ｆｐ／Ｆｃ（藻胆与叶绿素荧光比值）升高．这些结果表明，藻胆体是重金属离子作用的重要位点这一．在四种重金属中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的作用最强．     

A柱涡动力学特性随前窗倾角变化研究

采用风洞试验和数值计算的方法,通过Dihedron模型研究了前窗倾角对A柱涡动力学演化的影响.时均阻力和表面压力通过风洞试验获得,采用分离涡模拟(DES)捕捉A柱涡拓扑结构的细节特征.通过风洞试验的结果验证了DES结果的有效性.DES的结果描述了A柱涡涡破裂现象.随着前窗倾角的变化,A柱涡表现为不同的结构形态,这主要是由主涡中涡量平衡决定的.试验和数值结果均表明,随前窗倾角增大,Dihedron模型的阻力增加.讨论了纵向涡的破裂趋势和潜在的减阻方案.最后,强调了模型壁面的动力学特性及其对车内噪声的影响.     

Time-dependent interaction across two conducting spheres in an applied electrostatic field

Charged particles exist widely in variety of technological areas as well as in nature. Even a weak charge on the particles can significantly influence their electric interaction. We investigated the phenomenon of time-dependent electric interaction between two conducting spheres in an electrostatic field. A mirror-image method was developed to analyze this system, and the fundamental role of the charges on the spheres was studied. We concluded that charges conducted to the lower sphere through the alumina tube used in our system play a main role in determining the time-dependent interaction, whereas the influence from air ions is negligible.     

Breakdown Pattern of Hydrocarbons by Laser Breakdown Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

The laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and applied to detect the breakdown patterns of hydrocarbons that are significant to improve the detectability of heavy metals compounded in various mixtures such as particles and hydrocarbons. The laser wavelength dependence of this method was evaluated using 1064, 532, and 266 nm laser outputs. Breakdown processes using 1064 and 532 nm outputs showed less interference of fragmentation for the detection of various heavy metals. The method was applied to various hydrocarbons and it showed the possibility of categorization of hydrocarbon groups using the pattern of breakdown products.     

海藻酸-磷脂微囊复合水凝胶的制备、表征及毒理学分析

采用薄膜分散法合成磷脂微囊,根据胶粒的双电层理论,通过在微囊中加入氯化锰、氯化钙和氯化镁电解质溶液,使微囊处于相对稳定的状态.研究发现加入氯化锰和氯化钙溶液,微囊胶体的粒径没有明显的变化,但加入一定浓度氯化镁溶液,其粒径明显变大.为了进一步增加磷脂微囊稳定性,将氯化锰、氯化钙、氯化镁磷脂微囊胶体分别与海藻酸钠(SA)溶液混合.结果表明,氯化镁与SA几乎不能形成水凝胶,氯化钙与SA形成水凝胶能力强于氯化锰.微囊胶体溶液中的磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)可以与Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)键合形成PS-Ca~(2+)和PS-Mg~(2+),但不能与Mn~(2+)键合形成PS-Mn~(2+).对氯化钙磷脂微囊与海藻酸钠合成的复合水凝胶的形貌、溶胀率及细胞毒性进行了表征,结果表明,氯化钙与SA形成的水凝胶可以捕获胶体中磷脂微囊,且形貌规整,结构稳定,无细胞毒性.     

Newton trajectories for the tilted Frenkel–Kontorova model

ABSTRACT

Newton trajectories are used for the Frenkel–Kontorova model of a finite chain with free-end boundary conditions. We optimise stationary structures, as well as barrier breakdown points for a critical tilting force were depinning of the chain happens. These special points can be obtained straight forwardly by the tool of Newton trajectories. We explain the theory and add examples for a finite-length chain of a fixed number of 2,?3,?4,?5 and 23 particles.     

Complexation of gadolinium(III) ions on top of nanometre-sized magnetoliposomes

The complex of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) with the paramagnetic gadolinium ion [Gd(III)] is a well-known blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To obtain MRI pictures from other anatomical structures, for instance from tissues containing cells with phagocytic activity, larger colloidal complexes have to be constructed. Therefore, in view of modifying the physiological behaviour, the DTPA chelate was first hydrophobized by covalently linking it to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the resulting conjugate was then incorporated into nanometre-sized, sonicated phospholipid vesicles. Qualitative information on the affinity of the PE–DTPA derivative for Gd(III) ions was derived from competition experiments using the dye Arsenazo. Furthermore, it was found that only the membranotropic adducts residing in the outer shell of the vesicle bilayer are accessible to the lanthanide ion. The vesicular particulate was also used as a vehicle to transport PE–DTPA into the coating of so-called magnetoliposomes which consist of nanometre-sized iron oxide cores onto which a phospholipid bilayer is strongly chemisorbed. After loading the resulting structures with Gd(III), this new type of magnetoliposome may offer unique potentialities as a novel bi-label MRI contrast medium.     

Monofluoroalkene-Isostere as a 19F NMR Label for the Peptide Backbone: Synthesis and Evaluation in Membrane-Bound PGLa and (KIGAKI)3

Solid-state ¹⁹F NMR is a powerful method to study the interactions of biologically active peptides with membranes. So far, in labelled peptides, the ¹⁹F-reporter group has always been installed on the side chain of an amino acid. Given the fact that monofluoroalkenes are non-hydrolyzable peptide bond mimics, we have synthesized a monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide isostere, Val-Ψ[(Z)-CF=CH]-Gly, and inserted it in the sequence of two well-studied antimicrobial peptides: PGLa and (KIGAKI)₃ are representatives of an α-helix and a β-sheet. The conformations and biological activities of these labeled peptides were studied to assess the suitability of monofluoroalkenes for ¹⁹F NMR structure analysis.     

基于LIBS及时间分辨特征峰的激光除漆机理研究

激光除漆是一种高效、清洁的新型清洗技术，对激光除漆物理过程和机理的研究是该技术发展的关键。基于LIBS技术，测量得到油漆去除过程中等离子体的发光光谱，计算出油漆样品去除前后等离子体的电子密度和温度，研究了油漆中特征元素对应的光谱特征峰强度随时间的变化情况。结果表明，随着激光作用脉冲数量的增加，油漆去除深度逐渐增加，等离子体电子密度和温度在将漆去除干净的最后几个脉冲作用时呈下降趋势。油漆中Ti元素的所对应的特征峰信号持续时间为2个μs，油漆去除前后信号强度呈现跳跃减少，该现象可用于快速、准确、实时的判断油漆去除情况。