激光诱导击穿光谱在核分析实验教学中的应用

为了适应核物理与核分析实验教学的需要,本文将激光诱导激光光谱测量以创新实验的形式引入到核工程类专业实验中.通过将纳秒激光脉冲与不同靶材作用,测量样品中各类元素的LIBS谱线,结合理论分析提取激光等离子体的电子温度和等离子体密度.假设单一元素谱线获得的等离子体密度为混合样品等离子体密度,计算得到未知重元素Fe的原子谱线展宽参数.     

75°前缘后掠角细长三角翼失速特性实验研究

本文简介了前缘后掠角为７５°的平板三角翼在西北工业大学ＮＦ－３低速风洞中的测力和相关的激光片光流动显示实验，给出了部分实验结果，并与文献［１－３］的结果进行了比较，虽然各种来源的结果存在着明显的差异，但ＮＦ－３风洞两种测试手段的实验结果却具有良好的相关性。     

Interaction of a Streamwise Vortex with an Oblique Shock Wave

Interaction of a supersonic streamwise vortex with an oblique shock wave is considered. A mathematical model of the streamwise vortex is constructed. Three interaction regimes (weak, moderate, and strong) are found. It is shown numerically that vortex breakdown is possible in the case of strong interaction. The influence of the governing parameters on the interaction type is studied. It is shown that the main effect on the interaction type is exerted by the streamwise velocity and angle of the wedge forming the shock wave. The effect of splitting of the primary vortex on the shock wave in the case of moderate and strong interaction regimes is found.     

Analytical potential of a laser ablation–glow discharge–optical emission spectrometry system for the analysis of conducting and insulating materials

The analytical capabilities of a glow discharge (GD) as a secondary source for excitation/ionization of the material provided by laser ablation (LA) have been compared to conventional laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In LA–GD both sources can be independently adjusted to optimize the sampling process and then its subsequent excitation. This could involve a number of analytical performance advantages, such as reduced matrix dependence, greater precision and sensitivity than those encountered in LIBS. For such purpose, an ablation chamber design including two electrodes to generate the GD discharge has been built and assayed. A comparison between LIBS and LA–GD–OES has been carried out, both, under reduced argon and helium atmospheres. Different sets of samples (conducting reference materials, glass and fluorine pellets) have been used to evaluate the novel coupled technique. The LA–GD coupled system has shown to provide lower detection limits. In addition, best linear correlations between intensities and concentrations and lower matrix effects have also been found using the coupled system. Moreover, special advantages of the LA–GD–OES have also been demonstrated for the analysis of fluorine.     

2-羟丙基-β-环糊精与二茂铁衍生物超分子胶束通过氧化还原响应控制药物释放

合成了新型的具有长链的二茂铁衍生物(P-Fc),并将其包络在2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)的空腔中,自组装形成超分子囊泡,并通过FTIR、1 HNMR、SEM和CV曲线对其进行结构形貌表征;分别以罗丹明6G(R6G)、盐酸阿霉素(DOX)作为药物,实现了R6G、DOX在囊泡中的成功装载。并通过加入氧化剂,将二茂铁氧化成二茂铁盐,将囊泡破坏,实现了 R6G 和 DOX 的快速定向释放,其药物装载量分别为6.89和39.06μg/mg,最大释放率分别为73.7%和88.2%。     

Research on mechanical and dielectric properties of XLPE cable under accelerated electrical‐thermal aging

Research into the electrical‐thermal aging properties of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has great significance, because of its wide application. This study conducted accelerated electrical‐thermal aging tests on 10‐kV XLPE cable in order to assess the cable's mechanical and dielectric properties. After being aged by applying 34.8‐kV AC voltage at the four temperatures of 90, 103, 114, and 135°C, the cable samples were taken out in five stages according to the aging time and cut into slices. The slices were conducted experiments to test the breaking elongation, tensile strength, gel content, breakdown voltage, and frequency spectrums of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and gel content of XLPE vary greatly under different aging temperatures, a finding that is associated with the crystallization characteristics of the material. The breakdown voltage shows a slight decreasing trend with aging time. The dielectric constant decreases with aging time in high‐frequency areas (10³–10⁶ Hz), while the dielectric loss factor increases with aging time at low frequencies (10^?2–0 Hz). These two parameters can be used to characterize the degree of aging in cable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁性非对称双链长表面活性剂囊泡凝胶

合成了一系列含磁性反离子的非对称双疏水链长的阳离子表面活性剂,其中三氯一溴铁合十六烷基戊基二甲基铵(C_(16)C_5DMA~+[FeCl_3Br]-~)与偶氮羧酸钠盐(AzoNa_4)在酸性条件水溶液中形成磁性囊泡凝胶。运用cryo-透射电镜(TEM)、冷冻蚀刻TEM(FF-TEM)、流变仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和超导量子干涉(SQUID)等表征技术对囊泡凝胶进行了结构和性质研究,结果发现:凝胶含有曲率多变的融合性的双层囊泡,这些双分子层结构模构了自然界中各种物象的结构轮廓,展现了不可预测的多变曲率和良好柔性。聚集体双分子层膜内由长短不对称烷基链采取交错相扣的双分子层排列模式,这种构建模式结构稳定,短烷基链可游离出囊泡双分子层并伸向外部水相介质。两个相邻囊泡间的短链在疏水相互作用下形成非共价的囊泡"补丁",疏水的囊泡"补丁"克服相邻囊泡之间的斥力而融合。磁性反离子[FeCl_3Br]~-不仅赋予囊泡磁性,且在囊泡的形成过程中调控烷基链的组装。这种多形态融合性囊泡为揭示膜曲率的调节机制和构建人工细胞提供实验数据和理论参考。     

Flow produced in a conical container by a rotating endwall

Numerical calculations have been carried out for flow in a truncated cone generated by rotation of one endwall. For both convergent (radius increasing with approach to the rotating endwall) and divergent geometries, vortex breakdown is suppressed beyond a certain angle of inclination of the sidewall. At the same time Moffat eddies of increasing strength and extent appear in the corner between the sidewall and the non-rotating endwall. For the divergent geometry, a zone of recirculation appears on the sidewall and eventually merges with the Moffat eddies. The flow phenomena identified from streamline patterns are consistent with the calculated variation of pressure around the periphery of the computational domain.     

CuSO_4溶液中Cu元素浓度的激光诱导击穿光谱测量研究

利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对CuSO4溶液中的Cu元素浓度进行实验测量。利用配置的七种浓度的CuSO4溶液,采用统计探索性数据分析方法给出了Cu元素定标曲线,其拟合度系数R2大于0.98,激光诱导击穿光谱的平均相对偏差值为6.9%,Cu元素的平均最小检测限为12ppm。利用去一交互检验方法采用分析谱线CuⅠ324.75nm和CuⅠ327.40nm对应的七种溶液的平均测量相对误差分别为6.52%和5.86%。当Cu元素浓度在10ppm时实验相对误差较大,其值为10.3%,而浓度达到2 000ppm时相对误差值减小,仅为1.1%,说明LIBS技术在溶液较低元素浓度检测方面的准确度有待提高。研究结果表明激光诱导击穿光谱技术在环境水污染重金属元素检测方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

阶梯AlGaN外延新型Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaNHEMTs器件实验研究

本文报道了作者提出的阶梯AlGaN外延层新型AlGaN/GaN HEMTs结构的实验结果. 实验利用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)刻蚀栅边缘的AlGaN外延层, 形成阶梯的AlGaN 外延层结构, 获得浓度分区的沟道2DEG, 使得阶梯AlGaN外延层边缘出现新的电场峰, 有效降低栅边缘的高峰电场, 从而优化了AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件的表面电场分布. 实验获得了阈值电压-1.5 V的新型AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件. 经过测试, 同样面积的器件击穿电压从传统结构的67 V提高到新结构的106 V, 提高了58%左右; 脉冲测试下电流崩塌量也比传统结构减少了30%左右, 电流崩塌效应得到了一定的缓解.