A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a newly identified infectious disease[1—5]. The global outbreak of SARS has been threatening the health of people worldwide and has killed 353 people and infected more than 5462 in 27 countries, as reported by WHO on April 29, 2003 (http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/en). Although it has been recognized that a variant of virus from the family of coronavirus might be the candidate pathogen of SARS[1—5], its identity as the unique pathogen sti…     

重要海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性与种质基因组的研究

过度捕捞、海区污染严重、海洋生态环境恶化等因素，使得海洋鱼类多样性受到严重威胁，鱼类资源正面临枯竭的危险。积极发展海洋鱼类的增殖和养殖，是海洋鱼类资源合理利用与可持续发展的基本措施和有效途径。海洋生物基因组研究是海洋生物资源开发与利用的基础和新的生长点，其中，积极开展重要海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性与种质基因组研究，必将对提高海洋鱼类增殖与养殖的理论水平和创建高新技术起重要促进作用。文章对重要海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性和种质资源基因组的检测、遗传性状的调控、分子系统进化研究等方面的目的、意义和国内外研究进展做了综合分析，并指出我国今后开展这些方面研究工作的重要性和应用前景。     

基于叶绿体基因组全序列分析真叶植物叶绿体基因的适应性进化

 真叶植物包括蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物。迄今已积累有较为丰富的真叶植物叶绿体基因组全序列数据。选取了29种真叶植物的叶绿体基因组全序列,采用PAML 软件基于位点间可变ω模型,分别分析了蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物叶绿体基因的适应性进化。结果显示：① 蕨类、裸子植物和被子植物各有6.5%、7.5%和19.2%的叶绿体基因受正选择作用;被子植物经历正选择的叶绿体基因明显比蕨类和裸子植物为多;② 被正选择作用的叶绿体基因主要是遗传系统和光合系统基因,它们的编码产物涉及叶绿体蛋白质合成、基因转录、能量转化与调节及光合作用等过程。推测叶绿体功能基因可能在真叶植物对陆生生态环境的适应过程中起着重要作用。     

基因组研究进展

基因组结构和遗传语言的研究是现代生物学的前沿和竞争的焦点，对未来生物学、医学、农学和生物技术的发展有十分重要的意义。分子生物学技术的进步为基因组的研究提供了有用的工具。本文对非细胞生物体、原核生物，真核生物的基因组结构研究现状，特别是人类基因组计划的进展和前景进行了综述。     

海神单胞菌属的基因组测序数据分析

海神单胞菌属(Neptunomonas)于1999年被首次鉴定,目前包含8个菌种,其中6个已经完成全基因组测序。本文总结了海神单胞菌属的菌种特征和基因组信息,并利用基因组测序数据对该菌属的碳源利用途径、聚羟基脂肪酸酯代谢途径和芳香族化合物降解途径进行了分析。研究发现,海神单胞菌属具有完整的糖酵解和乙酸利用途径,普遍含有Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型的聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成酶,存在芳香族化合物的降解途径。基因组测序数据分析结果可以为海神单胞菌属在聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成与环境治理保护等领域的应用提供理论依据。     

四川黑熊ND3、ND4L和tRNA-Arg基因的克隆和序列分析

克隆并测定了四川黑熊（Ursus thibetanus mupinensis）线粒体基因组764 bp的片段,根据序列同源性比较,该DNA片段包括2个蛋白质编码基因：ND3和ND4L基因,以及1个tRNA-Arg基因.四川黑熊的ND3基因和ND4L基因的DNA序列和所编码的氨基酸序列与马来熊、棕熊、美洲黑熊和北极熊的同源性分别为：90%和95%、93%和97%、91%和96%、93%和97%;89%和98.98%、88%和98.98%、89%和100%、89%和98.98%.与棕熊、美洲黑熊和北极熊tRNA-Arg（CGA）的同源性分别为95.65%、94.20%和94.20%.拓扑结构比较显示,四川黑熊的ND3基因所编码的氨基酸序列比美洲黑熊的少了1个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点.     

黑胸大蠊浓核病毒基因组末端序列测定与分析

利用构建的黑胸大蠊浓核病毒(PfDNV)全基因组重组质粒(PfDNV-pUC119)以及一系列完整缺失克隆,通过全自动测序方法完成了PfDNV两末端各728 bp 和730 bp 核苷酸序列的测定. 通过计算机软件分析发现,PfDNV 末端201nt为倒置重复序列,其中最末端122nt为回文序列,能形成典型的发夹结构. 并与同科其它病毒末端序列进行了核苷酸序列同源性比较.     

Recent Advances in Discovery of Lead Structures from Microbial Natural Products: Genomics- and Metabolomics-Guided Acceleration

Natural products (NPs) are evolutionarily optimized as drug-like molecules and remain the most consistently successful source of drugs and drug leads. They offer major opportunities for finding novel lead structures that are active against a broad spectrum of assay targets, particularly those from secondary metabolites of microbial origin. Due to traditional discovery approaches’ limitations relying on untargeted screening methods, there is a growing trend to employ unconventional secondary metabolomics techniques. Aided by the more in-depth understanding of different biosynthetic pathways and the technological advancement in analytical instrumentation, the development of new methodologies provides an alternative that can accelerate discoveries of new lead-structures of natural origin. This present mini-review briefly discusses selected examples regarding advancements in bioinformatics and genomics (focusing on genome mining and metagenomics approaches), as well as bioanalytics (mass-spectrometry) towards the microbial NPs-based drug discovery and development. The selected recent discoveries from 2015 to 2020 are featured herein.     

Antibacterial Activity of Pharmaceutical-Grade Rose Bengal: An Application of a Synthetic Dye in Antibacterial Therapies

Rose bengal has been used in the diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders and liver function, and has been studied for the treatment of solid tumor cancers. To date, the antibacterial activity of rose bengal has been sporadically reported; however, these data have been generated with a commercial grade of rose bengal, which contains major uncontrolled impurities generated by the manufacturing process (80–95% dye content). A high-purity form of rose bengal formulation (HP-RBf, >99.5% dye content) kills a battery of Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains at low concentrations (0.01–3.13 μg/mL) under fluorescent, LED, and natural light in a few minutes. Significantly, HP-RBf effectively eradicates Gram-positive bacterial biofilms. The frequency that Gram-positive bacteria spontaneously developed resistance to HP-RB is extremely low (less than 1 × 10⁻¹³). Toxicity data obtained through our research programs indicate that HP-RB is feasible as an anti-infective drug for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial invasion of the skin, and for eradicating biofilms. This article summarizes the antibacterial activity of pharmaceutical-grade rose bengal, HP-RB, against Gram-positive bacteria, its cytotoxicity against skin cells under illumination conditions, and mechanistic insights into rose bengal’s bactericidal activity under dark conditions.     

亚硝胺类化合物诱导小鼠食管病变与基因组甲基化的关系研究

研究亚硝胺类化合物诱导小鼠食管发生病变与基因甲基化的关系,在亚硝酸钠（NaNO2）和N,N-二甲基苄胺（N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine）混合物诱导小鼠食管病变过程中,定期取小鼠食管,一部分做病理切片观察组织学变化;另一部分提取组织DNA做变性高效液相色谱（Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography,DHPLC）,检测基因组甲基化修饰的改变。结果在亚苄混合物诱导的小鼠食管癌变过程中,全基因组甲基化修饰是逐渐降低的,在达到一定程度后即保持一种稳态。此时组织病理学才发生光镜下可见的改变。说明全基因组甲基化修饰的逐渐降低可能是亚硝胺类化合物诱导食管发生病变的途径之一．这种基因修饰的变化有助于进一步研究食管鳞癌发生的分子机制。