Factor structure of the Tomimatsu‐Sato solutions and their recurrence relations

We consider stationary axisymmetric vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations for which the Ernst potential is rational in prolate spheroidal coordinates. Extending an earlier study we show that there are several new expressions which are factorizable. In particular, we concentrate on the Tomimatsu‐Sato solutions and their recurrence relations. Various continuum limits of the recurrence relations will be discussed.     

WorldView-2影像数据融合方法比较研究——以在四川省地理国情监测项目中应用为例

WorldView-2影像数据是四川省地理国情监测项目的重要数据源。本项目通过使用Brovey、Ehlers、HPF、HIS、PCA、Wavelet、PanSharpen、Gram-Schimdt 八种不同的数据融合方法对其全色和多光谱影像进行融合,并从清晰度、纹理和色调进行定性分析;从标准差、信息熵、平均梯度、偏差指数、相关系数和光谱扭曲程度进行定量评价;并通过FeatureStation GeoEX解译对比,研究融合结果的可用性。结果表明：基于PanSharpen变换融合方法产生的遥感图像失真较小,同时很大程度地保持了高分辨率全色波段的空间纹理细节信息,是一种适合于WorldView-2影像融合的较好方法;同时,与原始多光谱影像相比,具有更好的解译效果。     

Structural analysis of certain linear operators representing chemical network systems via the existence and uniqueness theorems of spectral resolution. III

By extending the methodology given in Parts I and II of this series of articles, certain dynamical systems of chemical kinetic equations are analyzed in the setting of the Banach algebra B(ℬ︁) of all bounded operators acting on a Banach space ℬ︁. In this article, we proceed from the general setting of B(ℬ︁), which played a central role in Part II, toward its specific application to the dynamical systems. In our analysis, crucial initial steps are taken by (i) equipping the abstract space ℬ︁ with the “positive quadrant,” which we denote by Γ(ℝ⁺ⁿ), and by (ii) investigating the asymptotic behavior of the solution χ_ϵ(t) of the initial-value problem is suitably specified for our application purposes. The main theorem and its two specialized versions, together with the notions of Γ-semipositive operators and semipositive matrices presented here, serve as fundamental tools for the analysis of a class of dynamical systems of chemical kinetic equations whose examples were illustratively treated in the previous parts of this series of articles. The techniques developed here for an asymptotic analysis of chemical kinetic dynamical systems will be linked and unified with those for the asymptotic analysis of quantum mechanical systems in a forthcoming part of this series of articles. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 149–163, 1997     

Measuring internal electric fields in organic light-emitting diodes using electroabsorption spectroscopy

A widely applicable electroabsorption technique to measure internal electric fields in organic light-emitting diodes is presented. The technique exploits the change in the a.c. electroabsorption response in the presence of a d.c. electric field. The electroabsorption signal is modulated at the fundamental frequency of the a.c. test signal, in addition to the usual modulation at the second harmonic frequency, when a d.c. bias is present. In metal/organic film/metal devices employing different metal contacts there is a built-in electric field in the organic film caused by the difference in work function between the two contacts. The electroabsorption response at the fundamental frequency of the applied a.c. bias is measured as a function of an external d.c. bias. The electroabsorption signal is nulled when the applied d.c. bias cancels the built-in electric field established by the different metals. We apply this technique to measure changes in metal–polymer Schottky barrier heights as a function of the contact metal. In metal/multiple organic films/metal structures the electroabsorption signals from the constituent organic films are identified spectroscopically and measured at both the fundamental and second harmonic frequency of the a.c. test signal. The amplitudes of the electroabsorption responses are then used to determine the a.c. and d.c. electric fields present in the organic layers. We apply this technique to determine the d.c. electric field distribution within a multi-layer organic light-emitting diode. These results highlight the general applicability of electroabsorption methods to probe internal electric fields in organic light-emitting diodes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.