氧化还原反应教学中的难点分析——衍生电对电势的计算问题

通过阐述基本概念的准确内涵和列举4个不同类型的例子,解决教学中衍生电对电势计算四大平衡的难点问题.     

Reversible charge transfer in solids; binary approximation

A common theory of reversible charge transfer (RCT) kinetics for low and high excitation power with the use of the conditional concentration of acceptors is presented. A comparison with recently published RCT theory is given. The results are similar or identical only in restricted or fractal spaces of low dimension, and in the case of low concentration of acceptors, i.e. in all the cases when the conditions of the binary approximation are fulfilled. The deviation from the binary approximation results in a physically incorrect picture, the cause being due to the different space averaging procedure. The probability of the donor's cation state is an increasing function of the concentration of the acceptor and of the characteristic parameters of the rate constants. Received 26 May 1999     

几种AGC的相互关系及若干种AGC共用时的控制方程

讨论了几种基本ＡＧＣ的控制方程，进而分析讨论了若干种压下ＡＧＣ共用时它们之间的相互影响以及总的压下调节量的计算方法，还讨论了控制周期对压下调节的影响。推导出了若干种压下ＡＧＣ共用时的通用控制方程。提出的压下ＡＧＣ控制方程可应用于生产机组的厚度自动控制。     

Adaptive H∞ synchronization for general delayed complex networks with external disturbance

The global adaptive H∞ synchronization is intensively investigated for the general delayed complex dynamical networks. The network under consideration contains unknown but bounded nonlinear coupling functions, time-varying delay, and external disturbance. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization technique and adaptive control, several global adaptive H∞ synchronization schemes are established, which guarantee robust asymptotical synchronization of noise-perturbed network as well as a prescribed robust H∞ performance level. Finally, numerical simulations have shown the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed techniques.     

城市新城区规划设计解析——以古交市火山新区规划设计为例

目前在我国城市化进程中,新城区的建设,特别是新城区中居住区的建设正日益表现出全新的特征。作为古交市城市发展的重中之重的火山新区,其规划体现了该区特有的地域特征,从总体布局、道路及绿化等方面进行的设计进一步完善了城市布局,塑造了城市形象,提升了空间及环境档次。     

回归诊断及影响分析中的二阶局部方法

考虑影响分析问题，在一阶方法中基于广义影响函数及广义Ｃｏｏｋ统计量的观点，以ＭＡＶ准则为新的投影指标，得到了一个新的投影方向，此方向对提供影响信息有较大参考价值。对于二阶方法。针对多维情形，推广了Ｗｕ和Ｌｕｏ的方法，使其对同时处理多参数情形也有效，所给的实例分析取得了较为满意的效果。     

党的三代领导人青年思想共性浅探

青年是社会的未来和希望。毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民作为我们党的三代领导人的校心，都十分重视青年，关注青年问题，在青年问题上提出了许多重要的思想。从价值观、教育观、学习观、政治观、干部观等方面分析和研究他们青年思想的共性特征，对于我们今天认识青年问题，制定正确的青年培养政策，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

多项式微分方程的基本定理

常微分方程与代数方程有同类的发展历史，即经过实域到复域，从定量到定性。但前者比后者更困难。后者以高斯的"代数方程的基本定理"作为结束。前者则系统的研究开始于秦元勋的《常微分方程定义的积分曲面》(1985)西北大学出版社。该文是这方面的三个基本定理，得到平行于高斯定理的多项式常微分方程的通解法式。     

Economic returns of research: the Pareto law and its implications

At what level should government or companies support research? This complex multi-faceted question encompasses such qualitative bonus as satisfying natural human curiosity, the quest for knowledge and the impact on education and culture, but one of its most scrutinized component reduces to the assessment of economic performance and wealth creation derived from research. Many studies report evidences of positive economic benefits derived from basic research [#!Martin!#,#!NAS!#]. In certain areas such as biotechnology, semi-conductor physics, optical communications [#!Ehrenreich!#], the impact of basic research is direct while, in other disciplines, the path from discovery to applications is full of surprises. As a consequence, there are persistent uncertainties in the quantification of the exact economic returns of public expenditure on basic research. This gives little help to policy makers trying to determine what should be the level of funding. Here, we suggest that these uncertainties have a fundamental origin to be found in the interplay between the intrinsic “fat tail” power law nature of the distribution of economic returns, characterized by a mathematically diverging variance, and the stochastic character of discovery rates. In the regime where the cumulative economic wealth derived from research is expected to exhibit a long-term positive trend, we show that strong fluctuations blur out significantly the short-time scales: a few major unpredictable innovations may provide a finite fraction of the total creation of wealth. In such a scenario, any attempt to assess the economic impact of research over a finite time horizon encompassing only a small number of major discoveries is bound to be highly unreliable. New tools, developed in the theory of self-similar and complex systems [#!Dubrulleetal!#] to tackle similar extreme fluctuations in Nature [#!Mandelbrot!#], can be adapted to measure the economic benefits of research, which is intimately associated to this large variability. Received 26 October 1998 and Received in final form 27 October 1998