废气再循环阿特金森汽油机经济性优化算法

基于一维整机模型在3 000r·min-1部分负荷工况下对Atkinson汽油机性能进行仿真分析.结果表明,在保持节气门位置、空燃比与点火提前角不变的情况下,随着废气再循环率提升或随着LIVC(late intake valve closing)增大,发动机的油耗均呈现增大趋势.为进一步优化Atkinson发动机燃油经济性,在节气门全开条件下搭建了GT-power与MATLAB联合仿真模型,通过改进的遗传算法,对废气再循环率、进气门晚关角、点火提前角、空燃比等参数进行优化迭代,并对历代种群进行了模糊聚类分析,得出了不同负荷工况点的油耗最优值及对应的控制参数.     

对置活塞二冲程汽油机分层稀燃组织研究

结合对置活塞二冲程汽油机缸径小、冲程长的特点,提出了进排气侧非对称喷雾方式,并采用AVL-Fire软件对喷雾方向进行优化,实现全负荷工况下的缸内均匀混合;同时研究了部分负荷工况下二次喷射对分层混合气形成和稀燃组织的影响.结果表明,进气侧喷射角增大有利于提高缸内混合气的均匀度,排气侧喷射角增大会导致燃油蒸发率降低;二次喷油比例影响分层混合气浓稀区的分布,二次喷油时刻影响缸内混合气稀区的均匀性.当进气侧喷射角为30°、排气侧喷射角为15°时,选择第一次喷油时刻为220℃ A,第二次喷油时刻为270℃ A且二次喷油比例为20%,可有效组织混合气分层.在部分负荷工况下,采用分层稀混合气相比均匀稀混合气的火焰发展期缩短约30%,快速燃烧期缩短约15%.      

电喷汽油机怠速不良故障的诊断方法

分析了电喷汽油发动机怠速控制系统的工作原理,总结了怠速不良故障的常见原因,介绍了常见的3种怠速不良故障的诊断方法。     

某通用小型汽油机箱体有限元分析及结构优化

该文运用有限元法对某通用小型汽油机箱体进行了结构强度与刚度分析，结果表明右箱体主轴承位置最大变形量过大，刚度较差。为此对右箱体主轴承区域进行拓扑优化。优化方式为：增加右箱体主轴承处加强筋数量、增加壁面厚度以及在壁面上添加加强条。通过计算表明，该优化方式能使箱体的最大应力与应变大大下降，使其强度刚度有了较大提升，箱体的结构更趋合理。     

Dispersed Structure of Ethanol‐Gasoline Fuel According to Dynamic Light Scattering Method

The dispersed structures of mixtures of five different gasolines with anhydrous ethanol were investigated by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The aim of the work was to find whether these blends are colloid systems. Influence of different parameters was investigated to verify the results of this research. Ethanol‐gasoline blends were found to be colloid systems with the drop size of 20–150 nm.     

改性Y型分子筛对FCC汽油脱硫性能的研究

采用液相离子交换法制备了Cu(I)Y、NiY、CeY分子筛,利用XRD、ICP/MS、N₂吸附脱附等技术对其物化性质进行了表征,使用固定床技术和色谱-硫化学发光检测(SCD)偶联技术系统考查了改性Y分子筛对FCC汽油的选择性吸附脱硫性能,着重探讨了FCC汽油选择性吸附脱硫过程中硫化物的脱除规律。结果表明,不同金属阳离子改性的Y分子筛对FCC汽油中不同硫化物选择性有所不同,对CeY分子筛:2-甲基-5-乙基噻吩<噻吩3硫醇< C₂噻吩<2或3-甲基噻吩<苯并噻吩<3,4-二甲基噻吩≈2,3,4-三甲基噻吩<四氢噻吩,而NiY与Cu(I)Y选择性相同:C₃硫醇<2-甲基-5-乙基噻吩2噻吩<2或3-甲基噻吩<噻吩<苯并噻吩<3,4-二甲基噻吩≈2,3,4-三甲基噻吩<四氢噻吩,改性Y分子筛对噻吩及小分子烷基取代噻吩类硫化物的选择性较差。     

Naphthalene and benzene levels in microenvironments associated with potential exposure: new and old apartments with moth repellents,and cabins of passenger cars

A lesser degree of information is available with respect to microenvironments associated with potential exposure to naphthalene, in comparison with other volatile organic compounds. The current study investigated the levels of benzene as well as naphthalene, both in the indoor and outdoor air of apartments and in the cabins of passenger cars. Two groups of 20 apartment buildings (20 new and 20 old) were chosen on the basis of the selection criteria (apartment location and size). In addition, 10 actual commuters were recruited for this study. The equal number of drivers was recruited for the study for comparison of two types of fuels for vehicles (five drivers of gasoline-fuelled and five drivers of diesel-fuelled passenger cars). Indoor naphthalene concentrations were similar between old and new apartments, while the benzene concentrations in new apartments were significantly higher than those of old apartments. The naphthalene concentrations in bedrooms, where wardrobes with moth repellent (MRs) were placed, were significantly higher than those for living rooms where no MRs were present. In turn, these indoor concentrations were significantly higher than outdoor levels. It is noteworthy that the mean and median values of naphthalene measured in the bedrooms exceeded the USEPA RfC (inhalation reference concentration) of 3?µg?m^?3, and the living room values were close to the RfC, while the residential benzene levels exceeded the European benzene limit of 5?µg?m^?3. In contrast, the maximum outdoor levels were well below that of the RfC. The use of passenger cars appeared to be a significant daily activity for both naphthalene and benzene exposure. The naphthalene-to-benzene ratios varied with the type of microenvironments. Both the indoor naphthalene and benzene concentrations in the present study were much higher than those of other studies.     

晶化时间对ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛结构及MTG反应性能的影响

采用两步晶化法制备ZSM-5/MCM-48微介孔复合分子筛,通过调变前驱体溶胶的晶化时间获得不同结构的ZSM-5/MCM-48基分子筛催化剂。采用XRD、N₂-吸附、SEM、TEM、FT-IR和Py-FTIR等手段进行表征,结果表明,前驱体溶胶的晶化时间对ZSM-5/MCM-48复合分子筛的结构和表面酸性产生重要的影响,而特定结构的复合分子筛基催化剂可以显著改变甲醇制汽油（MTG）反应的产物分布,与ZSM-5基催化剂相比显著降低了油品中芳烃和均四甲苯的含量。阐明了其催化作用机制是由于介孔结构的MCM-48对微孔结构的ZSM-5界面或表面的修饰作用。     

Reprint of : Three-terminal heat engine and refrigerator based on superlattices

We propose a three-terminal heat engine based on semiconductor superlattices for energy harvesting. The periodicity of the superlattice structure creates an energy miniband, giving an energy window for allowed electron transport. We find that this device delivers a large power, nearly twice than the heat engine based on quantum wells, with a small reduction of efficiency. This engine also works as a refrigerator in a different regime of the system's parameters. The thermoelectric performance of the refrigerator is analyzed, including the cooling power and coefficient of performance in the optimized condition. We also calculate phonon heat current through the system and explore the reduction of phonon heat current compared to the bulk material. The direct phonon heat current is negligible at low temperatures, but dominates over the electronic at room temperature and we discuss ways to reduce it.