Pervaporation separation of alkane/thiophene mixtures with PDMS membrane

Worldwide concerns over environment have stimulated increasing interest both in academic and industry for deep desulfurization of gasoline. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite membrane was used to separate the binary and multicomponent alkane/thiophene mixtures by pervaporation. Effect of carbon number and concentration of alkane, and of feed temperature, on the separation efficiency of alkane/thiophene mixtures was investigated experimentally. Experimental results of binary mixtures indicated that the total fluxes for different alkane/thiophene mixtures decrease with increase of carbon number in the alkanes. Corresponding activation energies of permeation for alkanes in PDMS membrane increase with increase of carbon number in the alkanes. Differences of molecular size and structure of the alkanes lead to various selectivities thereof within PDMS membrane. In addition, the permeability and activation energy of thiophene in various systems differ from each other due to coupling effect which should be taken into consideration when dealing with multicomponent systems. Pervaporation results of ternary systems indicated that, the increase of content of lighter alkane in feed would result in a larger total flux, but a smaller selectivity to thiophene simultaneously. A quaternary system, the mixture of n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane and thiophene, was employed to simulate the desulfurization process of gasoline. With the membrane having a PDMS layer of 11 μm, the total flux was measured to be about 1.65 kg/m² h, with the corresponding enrichment factor of thiophene 3.9 at 30 °C.     

Additives for the reduction of sulfur in FCC gasoline

Sulfur reduction ability of alumina supported zinc, gallium and zinc-gallium additives for fluid catalytic cracking catalysts was evaluated in a micro-activity test unit (MAT). Gallium/alumina showed the highest sulfur reduction of 31%, but the cracking activity of the catalyst was decreased. Zinc-gallium/alumina reduced sulfur in 24 wt.% without decreasing the base catalyst activity.     

用近红外光谱仪快速测定调和汽油中芳烃、烯烃的含量

介绍了带有CCD检测器的近红光普仪在调和汽油分析中的应用，并与标准测定方法测定的数据对比，验证了近红外光谱法测定汽油性质的可靠性，同时表明该方法具有分析速度快，重现性好等特点。     

汽油机瞬态排放间接检测的实践(Ⅰ)

瞬态排放间接检测是对汽油机在汽车加速-滑行组合、节气门加速开启-关闭等瞬态工况下进行法规性检测、获得其排放状况的基本手段之一．讨论了汽油机瞬态排放间接检测的有关基础,主要内容有:建立能够方便实现瞬态工况的工程化措施;分析采用五组分排放分析仪检测汽油机瞬态排放信号将导致畸变的原因;设置瞬态排放特征参数——符号时间序列分析的Shannon熵．     

柴油-液化气双燃料发动机电控单元的开发

对设计的双燃料发动机电子控制系统硬件结构、软件模块等进行了详细介绍．本系统利用硬件实现对液化气(LPG)喷射时刻的控制，而喷射脉宽的控制则是通过非易失性电位器X9221和单稳态触发器14538实现．单片机通过准I^2C总线实现与X9221通讯实时控制脉冲宽度．系统工作可靠，而且对单片机要求不高，用8位单片机实现了16位单片机的功能，降低了成本，而且发动机的动力性和经济性没有下降，排放烟度得到很大改善．     

沉积物对汽油机碳氢排放物形成的预测与实验研究

建立了汽油机燃烧室沉积物处未燃碳氢生成和氧化模型，测量了有、无燃烧室沉积物时发动机排气中的碳氢摩尔浓度．实验结果表明：沉积物的存在将增加发动机碳氢排放量，在本实验用机及实验条件下，沉积物将使发动机排气中的碳氢摩尔浓度增加２０％～３０％．计算结果表明：本模型能较好地预测出沉积物形成的排气碳氢摩尔浓度     

用自由度凝聚法确定曲轴的耦合刚度

提出了一种精度计算曲轴耦合刚度的方法，首先用三维有限元模型生成曲柄模型的整体刚度阵，然后分三步进行自由度凝集，主自由度凝聚，铁木辛柯梁段九自由度凝聚，四自由度主坐标凝聚，最终求出半个曲柄的耦合刚度，与实测结果相比较，取得令人满意的结果。     

废弃聚乙烯塑料热解过程能量收支理论分析

从理论上探讨了废弃聚乙烯塑料热解催化成汽油，柴油、渣油和石油气的能量投入和产出。结果表明：裂解１ｋｇ废弃聚乙烯塑料约需１３２０ｋｊ的热量；从产物的燃烧热值计算，净得的能量相当于１．６７ｋｇ标准煤的发热量，从而指出热解催化废充塑料回收燃油和燃气不仅具有显著的环境效益，而且具有可观的经济效益，本研究结果可为该技术的推广应用提供理论依据。     

基于MATLAB扩展HL-2ADAS数据处理的两种方法及其比较

介绍了HL-2A DAS数据处理软件中，实现数据处理与图形功能扩展的两种方法．一种是以MATLAB作为主要平台，以C Builder作为接口工具实现数据的复杂处理与图像处理．另一种是用C Builder作为主要平台，调用MATLAB引擎实现数据与图像处理．这两种方法是以MATLAB为主要工具，从不同的角度入手，采用了不同的编程思想．分析了这两种程序开发策略在HL-2A DAS中的运用情况及性能比较．     

甲基叔丁基醚、无水乙醇、碳酸二甲酯的致突变性

评价和比较了3种汽油增氧剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、无水乙醇(AE)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的致突变性.采用Ames实验研究3种汽油增氧剂的致突变性;采用小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验检测3种汽油增氧剂对小鼠睾丸染色体的致畸作用.Ames实验的阴性结果表明,在本实验条件下,未发现MTBE、AE、DMC具有致突变性.在小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验中,虽然实验结果为阴性,但随着MTBE剂量的增加,染色体分离有增加趋势,表明其可能存在遗传毒性.