汽油机燃油控制系统联合仿真

基于AMESim仿真软件的发动机仿真平台IFP-Engine,建立四缸直喷增压汽油机仿真模型,在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件中建立汽油机燃油量智能控制器,联合AMESim和Simulink仿真软件仿真,实现对汽油机燃油量的精确控制.仿真结果表明:使用燃油量智能控制器,空燃比可维持在14.7左右,汽油机的最大功率提高5.6%,耗油率降低6.6%.     

汽油机凸轮型线改进设计

应用配气机构模拟计算软件AVL-TYCON对国内某四缸汽油机配气机构进行运动学、动力学分析.结果显示,原机配气机构存在的进、排气门升程丰满系数较低,进排气凸轮与挺柱间的最大接触应力大等不足.本文根据其不足之处,通过重新设计进、排气凸轮型线,解决了原机配气机构存在的问题,提高了配气机构的可靠性和寿命,而且提高了充气效率和发动机整机性能.     

Dispersed Structure of Ethanol‐Gasoline Fuel According to Dynamic Light Scattering Method

The dispersed structures of mixtures of five different gasolines with anhydrous ethanol were investigated by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The aim of the work was to find whether these blends are colloid systems. Influence of different parameters was investigated to verify the results of this research. Ethanol‐gasoline blends were found to be colloid systems with the drop size of 20–150 nm.     

Naphthalene and benzene levels in microenvironments associated with potential exposure: new and old apartments with moth repellents,and cabins of passenger cars

A lesser degree of information is available with respect to microenvironments associated with potential exposure to naphthalene, in comparison with other volatile organic compounds. The current study investigated the levels of benzene as well as naphthalene, both in the indoor and outdoor air of apartments and in the cabins of passenger cars. Two groups of 20 apartment buildings (20 new and 20 old) were chosen on the basis of the selection criteria (apartment location and size). In addition, 10 actual commuters were recruited for this study. The equal number of drivers was recruited for the study for comparison of two types of fuels for vehicles (five drivers of gasoline-fuelled and five drivers of diesel-fuelled passenger cars). Indoor naphthalene concentrations were similar between old and new apartments, while the benzene concentrations in new apartments were significantly higher than those of old apartments. The naphthalene concentrations in bedrooms, where wardrobes with moth repellent (MRs) were placed, were significantly higher than those for living rooms where no MRs were present. In turn, these indoor concentrations were significantly higher than outdoor levels. It is noteworthy that the mean and median values of naphthalene measured in the bedrooms exceeded the USEPA RfC (inhalation reference concentration) of 3?µg?m^?3, and the living room values were close to the RfC, while the residential benzene levels exceeded the European benzene limit of 5?µg?m^?3. In contrast, the maximum outdoor levels were well below that of the RfC. The use of passenger cars appeared to be a significant daily activity for both naphthalene and benzene exposure. The naphthalene-to-benzene ratios varied with the type of microenvironments. Both the indoor naphthalene and benzene concentrations in the present study were much higher than those of other studies.     

电喷汽油机燃用大比例含水乙醇汽油的试验

在一台JL368Q双燃料多点电喷发动机上进行台架试验,对比分析了3种含水乙醇汽油(E15W、E30W、E50W)的动力性、经济性和排放特性.结果表明:在汽油机结构及参数未做任何调整下,低速时,含水乙醇汽油的转距、功率和93#汽油基本相当,随着转速增大,E15W、E50W略低于93#汽油,E30W仍和汽油基本相当;油耗率E15W比汽油低大约0.35%,随着含醇量的增大,油耗率逐渐升高;3种乙醇汽油的NOx排放均略高于93#汽油,但CO的排放都低于93#汽油,E30W的CO排放在整个测试区间最优.随着含醇量的增加,HC排放能得到不断的改善.     

加氢焦化汽油中正、异构烃的吸附分离及优化利用

采用5A分子筛吸附分离加氢焦化汽油中的正、异构烃。以正构烃为优质乙烯裂解原料,非正构烃为优质催化重整原料或高辛烷值汽油调和组分,考察了正构烃的吸附曲线。结果表明:与加氢焦化汽油相比,正构烃在相同的工艺条件下可使乙烯收率提高11%,吸余油的芳烃潜含量提高14%。模拟计算结果表明:吸余油的研究法辛烷值提高约30个单位,可作为高辛烷值汽油调和组分,该分子管理的工艺路线可显著提高加氢焦化汽油的利用效率。     

CO吸附原位红外光谱结合分子模拟计算研究FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂的选择性

以脱硫选择性不同的2组催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫催化剂为研究对象, 采用CO吸附原位红外光谱表征了2组催化剂的活性相特征, 并通过分子模拟计算方法比较了助剂Co加入前后噻吩和1-己烯在催化剂表面的电荷分布、吸附能及其加氢反应的活化能等, 探讨了助剂Co的加入对选择性加氢脱硫催化剂脱硫选择性的作用机理. 结果表明, 加氢脱硫催化剂CoMoS活性相的增加有利于提高催化剂的加氢脱硫/加氢降烯烃(HDS/HYD)选择性. 与1-己烯加氢位相比, Co的加入显著提高了噻吩分子加氢位的缺电子性, 噻吩在催化剂表面的吸附度增强, 显著降低噻吩加氢反应的能垒, 从而使噻吩加氢反应更易进行. 这也表明CoMoS为高HDS活性、高HDS/HYD选择性的活性相.     

水热处理对纳米HZSM－5沸石酸性质及其降低汽油烯烃性能的影响

 采用水蒸气和碱性氨水蒸气在500℃下对纳米HZSM－5沸石催化剂进行了水热处理改性，并用XRD，IR，NH3－TPD和XRF对催化剂进行了表征．以降低FCC汽油（≤70℃馏分）烯烃含量为探针反应，考察了不同水热处理介质对催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响．结果表明，经不同介质水热处理后，纳米HZSM－5沸石中约10％的Al2O3被脱除，总酸量降低，导致积炭失活的强酸中心明显减少；不同水热处理介质对催化剂的总酸量没有明显影响，而对酸中心类型分布的影响较大．水热处理改性使催化剂活性的稳定性明显改善，初始活性降低．同时，水热处理改性降低了催化剂对芳构化反应的催化活性，提高了对异构化反应的催化活性．采用氨水（0．5mol／L）蒸气处理的纳米HZSM－5催化剂其降烯烃催化活性更为稳定．在给定的反应条件下，FCC汽油的烯烃含量（φ）由65．9％降低到约26％，产物中烯烃、芳烃（主要是C7～C9芳烃）和烷烃含量分别保持在25％，19％和55％左右，辛烷值基本不变．     

近红外光谱预测汽油辛烷值和辛烷值仪的研制

本文报道了用近红外光谱预测汽油马达法辛烷值,研究法辛烷值和抗爆指数的方法。用多重线性回归和偏最小二乘法回归建立辛烷值的预测模型。基于此模型,首次研制成功光学多道近红外辛烷值仪。     

生物添加剂对汽油机燃油经济性及废气排放影响的研究

将一种棕榈油提取物作为添加剂,加入汽油中以研究其对汽油机燃油经济性和排放品质的影响。针对市场上正使用的辛烷值为93#的高清洁汽油和乙醇汽油,通过发动机台架试验对加剂前后的汽油机性能指标进行了对比和分析．结果表明:加入此种添加剂后对各种汽油的燃油经济性有大幅改善作用,对乙醇汽油的效果尤甚。加剂后可以使乙醇汽油的燃油经济性与普通汽油完全一样。对于93#高清洁汽油,除了未燃碳氢(HC)略有上升外,其他排放物如氮氧化物 (Nox)、一氧化碳等有所减少, CO2排放有明显的改善。对于乙醇汽油,则HC和CO2略有上升。