气相爆轰动力学特征研究进展

爆轰胞格结构尺寸、爆轰极限、爆轰临界直径和直接起爆形成爆轰的临界能量的研究,是气相爆轰物理的基础,也是确定气相爆轰动力学特征的依据,更是控制事故发生、发展的重要指标.通过对其开展研究能够深入描述气相爆轰形成机理、状态量化以及传播规律,从而将有利于推动气相爆轰物理研究从宏观向微观发展.此外,通过开展气相爆轰动力学特征的系统研究,对于化工、石化、煤炭等行业爆炸事故预防与防护具有直接指导意义,也是工业爆炸安全主要支撑基础.本文主要综述了国内外对气相爆轰动力学特征的研究进展,探讨了气相爆轰研究的方向和发展趋势.     

氢氧爆轰波在激波管中的成长机制研究

 针对气相爆轰波成长机制研究,采用压力传感器和高速摄影技术,测试了氢氧混合气体在点火后的火焰波、前驱冲击波以及爆轰波的成长变化过程,计算了冲击波过程参数和气体状态参数,分析了火焰加速机制。实验结果表明,APX-RS型高速摄影系统可用于拍摄气相爆轰波的成长历程;氢氧爆轰波的产生是由于湍流火焰和冲击波的相互正反馈作用,导致反应区内多处发生局部爆炸,爆炸波与冲击波相互耦合,最终成长为定常爆轰波。     

焊剂带约束电弧超窄间隙焊接的气保护方法

利用焊剂带约束的电弧进行超窄间隙焊接时,采用合适的气体保护工艺十分重要.为了获得成形良好的超窄间隙焊缝,通过分析和试验确定粗扁管单侧倾斜送气的气保护方法,设计用于研究气保护效果的试验装置,并利用该装置研究气流量、喷嘴截面尺寸以及喷嘴与保护区距离对气保护效果的影响.结果表明,在气体喷嘴截面尺寸为2.5 mm×12 mm,气体喷嘴与电弧距离为20～25 mm的情况下,保证焊缝成形良好的最佳气流量为10 L/min.     

连续波DF/HF化学激光器气膜冷却式喷管流场数值分析

在连续波DF/HF化学激光器主喷管收缩段采用气膜冷却方式,从3维离散小孔注入氦气射流以隔离壁面和主气流。通过对3种气膜孔排布方式下喷管内主气流状态进行数值模拟研究,分析氦气与主气流之间的相互作用,比较了不同方式下主气流氟原子冻结效率及壁面冷却效果。考虑到DF/HF化学激光器主喷管结构尺寸较小,采用适当间隔的单排圆孔注入是现实可行的,并有望达到较好的冷却保护效果,从而提高激光器运转效率。     

A Review for In Vitro and In Vivo Detection and Imaging of Gaseous Signal Molecule Carbon Monoxide by Fluorescent Probes

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a vital endogenous gaseous transmitter molecule involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes in living biosystems. In order to investigate the biological function of CO, many technologies have been developed to monitor the level of endogenous CO in biosystems. Among them, the fluorescence detection technology based on the fluorescent probe has the advantages of high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, simple operation, especially non-invasive damage to biological samples, and the possibility of real-time in situ detection, etc., which is considered to be one of the most effective and applicable detection techniques. Therefore, in the last few years, a lot of work has been carried out on the design, synthesis and in vivo fluorescence imaging studies of CO fluorescent probes. Furthermore, using fluorescent probes to detect the changes in CO concentrations in living cells and tissues as well as in organisms has been one of the hot research topics in recent years. However, it is still a challenge to rationally design CO fluorescent probe with excellent optical performance, structural stability, low background interference, good biocompatibility, and excellent water solubility. Therefore, this review focuses on the research progress of CO fluorescent probes in the detection mechanism and biological applications in recent years. However, this popular and leading topic has rarely been summarized comprehensively to date. Thus, the research progress of CO fluorescent probes in recent years is reviewed in terms of their design concept, detection mechanism, and their biological applications. In addition, the relationship between the structure and performance of the probes was also discussed. More significantly, we hope that more excellent optical properties fluorescent probes for gaseous transmitter molecule CO detection and imaging will overcome the current problems of high biotoxicity and limited water solubility in future.     

大气颗粒物扩散和化学转化过程的数值研究

大气颗粒物是大气中存在的各种固态和液态颗粒物的总称.以液态颗粒物为研究对象,建立Euler-Lagrange多相流运动模型、对流传质模型及颗粒内部化学反应模型,基于有限体积法和SIMPLE算法对大气环境中液体颗粒物的扩散,气态污染物SO₂在气、液相的传质以及液相内部化学反应过程进行数值研究,并数值分析3种不同粒径大小的液态颗粒物沉降及气态污染物的对流传质特性,为污染物控制和去除措施的制定提供理论依据.     

气相爆轰波绕射流场显示研究

采用基于红宝石激光器（波长694.3 nm）的纹影系统,对气相爆轰波绕射进行了初步的流场显示研究。采用单色激光和合适半带宽（15 nm）的滤光片,有效地消除了爆轰波自发光对流场显示的影响。合理设置激光器同步控制系统的触发延时,得到了序列的爆轰波阵面纹影照片。结果表明：图像清晰地显示了爆轰波阵面的诱导激波、横波及化学反应区。当爆轰波在左尖点处绕射,受稀疏波作用,诱导激波与化学反应区明显分离,导致爆轰波衰减为爆燃。分离的诱导激波和折皱的化学反应区在纹影图上清晰可见。诱导激波在垂直支管右壁面反射,诱导二次起爆。畸变爆轰波在水平和垂直支管中均发生马赫反射。提高初压,爆轰波受分叉口几何属性的影响减小,畸变爆轰波在水平和垂直支管下游较易恢复为自持爆轰波。     

一个新的二甲醚气液相密度方程

为了获得二甲醚的气液相密度,在对二甲醚PVT实验数据进行文献调研的基础上,基于对比态原理运用准牛顿优化算法得到了一个6参数的用于计算二甲醚气相和液相密度的方程.气相和液相方程适用于温度从三相点温度至临界温度,压力最大达到70 MPa.新方程计算的二甲醚气液相密度值与实验数据比较后表明:两者的气相密度平均绝对偏差的范围从低温区的0.1％到临界点附近的1％;两者的液相密度平均绝对偏差的范围从低温区的0.1％到临界点附近的3％.     

不同前驱体相对摩尔量对气相爆燃制备纳米SiO2的影响

 以SiCl₄为前驱体,以空气和氢气的混合气体为爆源,通过改变前驱体的相对摩尔量,考察前驱体的相对摩尔量对产物的影响。通过X射线荧光谱（XRF）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等测试手段对纳米SiO₂粉体进行表征及分析。通过XRF对产物进行成分分析,测得实验所得产物主要由SiO₂组成,且纯度达到99.9%以上;由XRD分析得知,生成的SiO₂产物属于典型的非晶态结构;由TEM图像可以看出,随着前驱体相对摩尔量的增加,所得到的产物粒子逐渐出现粘结,分散性下降,前驱体相对摩尔比应该控制在1.5以内。     

Impact of post-nitridation annealing on ultra-thin gate oxide performance

Decoupled-Plasma Nitridation (DPN) process with high level of nitrogen incorporation is widely used in the state-of-the-art technology, in order to reduce gate leakage current and boron penetration. However, due to the low temperature DPN process, the post-nitridation annealing treatment is required to improve the ultra-thin gate oxide integrity. In this paper, the effect of post-nitridation annealing on DPN ultra-thin gate oxide was investigated. The device performance and reliability were evaluated in three different post-nitridation annealing ambient (N₂/O₂, He, and NO).