火焰原子吸收法测定蒜渣中的微量元素

用硝酸－高氯酸（4：1）混酸对烘干后的蒜渣进行消化处理，用原子吸收光谱法测定处理溶液中的Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Cu、Co、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd等10种微量元素，结果表明，蒜渣中对人体有益的元素如Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn含量丰富，具有很大的使用价值。     

生姜、洋葱、大蒜功能特性及其开发利用

生姜、洋葱和大蒜是药食两用植物，既是重要的调味品，又具一定的保健作用。从功能成分和功能特性对它们进行了综述，并对其开发前景作了展望。     

大蒜制品的开发和应用

大蒜含有多种含硫化舍物,稀有元素以及人体所需的各种营养素,有极高的药理学价值和保健作用,大蒜制品的开发有着十分广阔的应用前景,本文详细介绍大蒜的化学成分、生物活性以及国内外大蒜制品开发和应用的现状和发展前景．     

大蒜提取液对腌制品中亚硝酸盐清除作用的研究

目的:了解大理产白皮瓣蒜和紫皮瓣蒜提取液对腌制品中亚硝酸盐的清除作用。方法:采用国标盐酸萘乙二胺比色法测定亚硝酸盐的含量及大蒜对亚硝酸盐的清除率。分别检测了提取温度、反应时间、提取液量、pH值等4个因素对亚硝酸盐清除率的影响,通过正交试验摸索大蒜提取液对亚硝酸盐清除效果的最佳条件。结果:紫皮瓣蒜提取液在60℃、35 mL提取液、pH5.0反应液中反应20 min时清除率最大;白皮瓣蒜提取液在80℃、15 mL提取液、pH5.0反应液中反应15 min时清除率最大。在以上最佳清除条件下,对腊肉、火腿、酸腌菜、腌辣椒、萝卜干等五个样品分别用白皮、紫皮瓣蒜提取液处理后亚硝酸盐清除率平均值分别为91.9%、71.1%。结论:大蒜对腌制品中亚硝酸盐的清除效果显著。     

Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic application of a sol‐gel matrix with chilli peppers,garlic, or synthetic additives

This article describes a possible combination of two promising fields of analytical chemistry—the preparation of sol‐gel matrices with varying additives and their application in capillary electrochromatography. The inner surfaces of capillaries were coated with the sol‐gel solution containing either pure synthetic chemical additive—alliin or capsaicin—or an extract of their natural sources—garlic and chilli pepper, respectively. The modified capillaries were tested for interaction with two neurotransmitters, oligopeptides and nucleotides under conditions of open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography. Because both of the natural extracts also contain vitamin C and saccharose, the capillaries with sol‐gel modifiers containing each of these substances were also tested. The obtained results from the perspective of changes in the electrochromatograms and the effective mobilities of analytes are discussed with respect to mild conditions both in the preparation process of the sol‐gel matrix and during the separations.     

无嗅大蒜饮料研制及其营养评价

本研究对大蒜脱臭具有较好的效果。采用正交设计方法确定了脱臭大蒜汁的最佳制备条件。脱臭蒜汁经与中药汁复合，制得风味独特的大蒜保健饮料。     

大蒜根尖有丝分裂染色体标本的制作

染色体是遗传物质的载体,是基因的载体.生物体细胞的染色体数目和结构是重要的遗传标志之一,特别是在真核细胞中.因此深入认识染色体的结构和功能,对研究生物的遗传、变异、进化、细胞增殖、个体的发育和生殖过程的平衡控制都有十分重要意义.本实验以大蒜根尖为材料,介绍了大蒜根尖细胞有丝分裂标本的制作方法.该方法简单、方便,材料易得,成功率高,适用于对正常植物组织有丝分裂过程的观察.     

宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎和花粉母细胞发育的细胞学研究

为了从细胞学角度探讨大蒜的不育性,对宝坻大蒜气生鳞茎的发育、花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程及染色体的异常行为进行观察.结果表明:(1)大蒜的气生鳞茎数量多、长势快;(2)大蒜的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中有27.4%的细胞出现异常分裂现象,包括滞后染色体(7.6%)、染色体桥(9.3%)、染色体断片(1.7%)和微核(9.7%)等异常行为;(3)正常发育的花粉母细胞在形成花粉粒时逐渐干枯.花粉母细胞中高频率的染色体结构变异和花粉母细胞在形成花粉粒时的干枯可能是导致大蒜不育的重要原因.     

The Reaction of Sulfenic Acids with Peroxyl Radicals: Insights into the Radical‐Trapping Antioxidant Activity of Plant‐Derived Thiosulfinates

Sulfenic acids play a prominent role in biology as key participants in cellular signaling relating to redox homeostasis, in the formation of protein‐disulfide linkages, and as the central players in the fascinating organosulfur chemistry of the Allium species (e.g., garlic). Despite their relevance, direct measurements of their reaction kinetics have proven difficult owing to their high reactivity. Herein, we describe the results of hydrocarbon autoxidations inhibited by the persistent 9‐triptycenesulfenic acid, which yields a second order rate constant of 3.0×10⁶ M ^?1 s^?1 for its reaction with peroxyl radicals in PhCl at 30 °C. This rate constant drops 19‐fold in CH₃CN, and is subject to a significant primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect, k_H/k_D=6.1, supporting a formal H‐atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. Analogous autoxidations inhibited by the Allium‐derived (S)‐benzyl phenylmethanethiosulfinate and a corresponding deuterium‐labeled derivative unequivocally demonstrate the role of sulfenic acids in the radical‐trapping antioxidant activity of thiosulfinates, through the rate‐determining Cope elimination of phenylmethanesulfenic acid (k_H/k_D≈4.5) and its subsequent formal HAT reaction with peroxyl radicals (k_H/k_D≈3.5). The rate constant that we derived from these experiments for the reaction of phenylmethanesulfenic acid with peroxyl radicals was 2.8×10⁷ M ^?1 s^?1; a value 10‐fold larger than that we measured for the reaction of 9‐triptycenesulfenic acid with peroxyl radicals. We propose that whereas phenylmethanesulfenic acid can adopt the optimal syn geometry for a 5‐centre proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reaction with a peroxyl radical, the 9‐triptycenesulfenic is too sterically hindered, and undergoes the reaction instead through the less‐energetically favorable anti geometry, which is reminiscent of a conventional HAT.     

固相萃取-柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定脱水蒜粉中的亚硫酸盐

建立了测定脱水蒜粉中亚硫酸盐含量的柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱分析方法.样品用HCl/甘露醇缓冲溶液提取,经固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化本底并富集待测物后,与甲醛缓冲液反应生成稳定的化合物羟甲基磺酸盐,采用高效液相色谱柱及柱后衍生分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.色谱柱为:Agila Venusil MP-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为0.005 mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵离子溶液(pH 4),检测波长为450 nm,结果表明,检出限为2.0 mg/kg,在0.1～10.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9998,样品添加回收率为86.5%～97.6%,RSD为2.2%～4.0%(n=5).