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71.
城乡收入存在差距既是一个历史问题,又是一个重要的现实问题,由于种种原因,城乡收入差距正在进一步扩大,这是造成收入分配不公、内需不足、出现消费断层的主要因素,本文就这一问题进行研究,提出自己的看法。 相似文献
72.
费金华 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(11):174-175
针对《合并报表暂行规定),债券投资余额与应付债券余额之间的差额应当作为合并价差列示在合并报表中,会导致在抵消利息费用和利息收入时之间产生差额,且不能通过合并抵消分录抵消这一差额的做法,通过举例,提出了在赎回债券的当期,应在合并损益表中单独设置项目披露赎回损益,并构成企业集团合并净损益的一部分,同时进一步成为企业集团当年合并未分配利润的一部分的思路。 相似文献
73.
对一类非线性贝叶斯动态模型进行了处理。用筛选算法进行抽样,利用得到的样本进行各种推断和预测。 相似文献
74.
我国社会保障资金缺口巨大,各级财政,尤其中央财政承受着巨大压力和风险。文章从分析我国社会保障基金缺口原因入手,借鉴西方国家解决社会保障基金问题的经验,提出了解决我国社会保障基金缺口问题的对策。 相似文献
75.
血管内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞之间存在着肌内皮间缝隙连接,进行电和化学的信息传递,以协调血管的舒缩活动。电信号可以从内皮细胞到平滑肌细胞进行传递,相反,也可以从平滑肌细胞到内皮细胞进行传递。内皮源性超极化因子、乙酰胆碱、缓激肽、第二信使等物质亦可引起内皮细胞或,和平滑肌细胞细胞膜的超极化或去极化,参与血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞间的信息传递。 相似文献
76.
《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2018,56(17):1978-1988
New donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type conjugated copolymers, poly[(4,8‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐(2,5‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole)] (PBDT‐tTz), and poly[(4,8‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐(2,5‐bis(6‐octylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole)] (PBDT‐ttTz) were synthesized and characterized with the aim of investigating their potential applicability to organic photovoltaic active materials. While copolymer PBDT‐tTz showed a zigzagged non‐linear structure by thiophene π‐bridges, PBDT‐ttTz had a linear molecular structure with thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene π‐bridges. The optical, electrochemical, morphological, and photovoltaic properties of PBDT‐tTz and PBDT‐ttTz were systematically investigated. Furthermore, bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated by using the synthesized polymers as p‐type donors and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester as an n‐type acceptor. PBDT‐ttTz showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.21% as a result of the extended conjugation arising from the thienothiophene π‐bridges and enhanced molecular ordering in the film state, while PBDT‐tTz showed a relatively lower PCE of 2.92% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW/cm2). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1978–1988 相似文献
77.
Improved estimation of duality gap in binary quadratic programming using a weighted distance measure
We present in this paper an improved estimation of duality gap between binary quadratic program and its Lagrangian dual. More specifically, we obtain this improved estimation using a weighted distance measure between the binary set and certain affine subspace. We show that the optimal weights can be computed by solving a semidefinite programming problem. We further establish a necessary and sufficient condition under which the weighted distance measure gives a strictly tighter estimation of the duality gap than the existing estimations. 相似文献
78.
P. Lakshmi Praveen 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(6):872-882
The substituent- and solvent-induced shifts in UV-visible absorption bands of naphthyl-ester nematic liquid crystals, viz., 4-octylphenyl-6-octyloxy-2-naphthoate (NAPHE1) and 6-octyloxy-2-naphthylyl-4-octyloxybenzoate (NAPHE2), have been investigated using the DFT, CNDO/S and INDO/S methods. A correlation has been made between molecular charge distribution and phase stability based on Mulliken, Loewdin, AM1, PM3, MNDO, CNDO/S and INDO/S methods. The observed π→π* and n→π* electronic transitions have been reported. The substituent- and solvent-induced shifts in absorption bands, transition energies and energy gaps have been discussed. The photosensitivity of the molecules has been analysed based on these shifts. It has been observed that the substituent has a dominant role on both absorption maxima and energy band gap, whereas the solvent has a dominant role only on absorption maxima, and no effect has been observed on the energy gap. These shifts may provide beneficial consequences in determining the end use of compounds. 相似文献
79.
80.
Young‐gi kim Emilie M. Galand Barry C. Thompson John walker Stephen A. Fossey Tracy D. Mccarley 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(7):665-674
Isoregic conjugated polymers composed of thiophene and dialkoxybenzene units were designed to harvest incident light in the mid‐visible energy range (band gap of 2.1 eV). Poly(1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,5‐diheptoxybenzene) (PBTB(OC7H15)2) and poly(1,4‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,5‐didodecyloxybenzene) (PBTB(OC12H25)2) have shown significant photovoltaic performance as an electron donor when used in tandem with the electron acceptor [6, 6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in bulk hetero‐junction photovoltaic devices. Photovoltaic devices incorporating PBTB(OC7H15)2 and PCBM have shown AM1.5 efficiencies of ~0.6% with a short circuit current density of 2.5 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.74 V, and a fill factor of 0.32. Incident Photon‐to‐Current Efficiency (IPCE) of the device was found to be ca. 16% at 410 nm. In order to examine the relationship between the molecular structure of the polymers and their electronic energy levels, and to correlate this with photovoltaic performance, optoelectronic and electrochemical results are discussed in relation to the I‐V characteristics of the devices. Additionally, a computer‐aided simulation is used to gain further insight into the effect of polymer structure on the energetic relationships in the bulk heterojunction devices. 相似文献