7种杀菌剂与拮抗菌SJ1606发酵代谢物配合对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制活性

[目的]明确7种杀菌剂和拮抗菌SJ1606对苹果树腐烂病菌防治效果、筛选出高效混配剂,为传统化学杀菌剂的减量增效使用提供参考方向。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂和拮抗菌SJ1606发酵代谢物以及新型混剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制效果。[结果]苹果树腐烂病菌对咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、丙环唑、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑表现为高度敏感,以上5种化学杀菌剂对病原菌的EC₅₀分别为0.12、0.33、0.57、0.64、1.14μg/mL;对吡唑醚菌酯表现为中度敏感EC₅₀为6.92μg/mL;对福美双表现为不敏感,EC₅₀为149.99μg/mL。SJ1606发酵上清液和脂肽粗提物对病菌的EC50分别为40.36、14.75μL/mL。采用体积混配方法,脂肽粗提物对部分化学药剂表现出较强的增效作用,其中与多菌灵混配以7∶3增效最为明显,毒性比达1.72;与吡唑醚菌酯以6∶4的毒性比最高为1.58,与咪鲜胺混配以6∶4的混配毒性比最高为1.50;与丙环唑混配以5∶5毒性比最高为1.48。[结论]成功筛选出脂肽粗提物对化学杀菌剂混配增效比例...     

New Fungicidally Active Pyrazolyl-Substituted 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Compounds and Their Preparation

Itiswellknownthatthestudyofheterocyclescontainingnitrogenatomisoneofthehighlightsofpesticidechemistryatpresent.Amongthemsomebiheterocycliccompoundshaveexcellentbiologicalactivities.Forexample,imazethapyr((RS)-5-ethyl2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-nicotinicacid)iseffectiveincontrollingawidevarietyofbroadleafandgrassweedspecies'.Thiabendazole(2(thiazol-4-yi)benzimidazole)isabroadspectrumsystemicfungicide'.Busoxinone(3-Inourexperiments.when3reactedwithl.3-dibromopropalleusingthephasetranst'erc…     

含氟杀菌剂5-氯-2，4，6-三氟-1，3-苯二腈的合成

1　前言2 ,4,5 ,6-四氯 -1 ,3 -苯二腈 ,俗名百菌清 ( 1 ) ,是一种广谱、高效、安全的农林及工业用杀菌剂 ,对多种作物具有预防和治疗作用 ,其持效期长且稳定 ,可用于麦类、水稻、果树、蔬菜、花生、茶叶、橡胶、森林等多种作物的各种病害 ,还可以用于防治蚕体酵母霉病和僵病及制革等工业防霉[1] 。国内有云南化工厂等 1 8家工厂生产其原药、粉剂或乳油。其含氟衍生物研究尚不多 ,由于氟原子或含氟基团的导入 ,使化合物的挥发性、扩散性、相溶性及表面活性增加 ,而位阻影响不大 ,故能充分发挥在有机体内的脂溶性 ,对生物体的多种相态、对膜…     

细胞色素BC1酶复合物抑制剂的对接研究

细胞色素BC1酶复合物是细胞呼吸和光合作用的重要组成部分,也是抑制病菌的重要靶标．细胞色素BC。酶复合物的抑制荆在近几年来的应用越来越广．为了得到活性更高的抑制剂,本文采用分子对接技术（DOCK4．0）,对8个典型结构的此类抑制剂进行了对接,并通过分析结合能与活性的相关性,得到了较好的构效关系模型,相关系数R^2=O．75．在此基础上,设计了4个新的抑制剂,均具有较高的预测活性．所建立的模型将为研究新的细胞色素BC。酶复合物抑制剂提供一定的理论指导．     

新型3,5-二芳基吡唑衍生物的合成与抑菌活性

以2-氯苯甲醛与2,4-二氯苯乙酮缩合形成α,β不饱和酮,然后和水合肼关环形成3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(2-氯苯基)吡唑结构骨架,合成了8个未见文献报道的3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(2-氯苯基)-4,5二氢-N-酰基吡唑类衍生物。经过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱测试技术对其结构进行了表征。对新合成的化合物进行了初步生物活性测试结果表明,在化合物的质量浓度为50 mg/L时,化合物3f对水稻纹枯菌和稻瘟病菌的抑菌率分别为55.2%和57.1%。化合物3g对水稻纹枯菌、稻瘟病菌和油菜菌核菌的抑菌率分别为52.3%、60.0%和50.4%。     

Residue analysis of kresoxim‐methyl and boscalid in fruits,vegetables and soil using liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A GC‐MS procedure for simultaneously determining and validating kresoxim‐methyl and boscalid has been developed in fruit, vegetable and soil matrices. The method was based on one‐step liquid–liquid extraction with acetone and dichloromethane solvents. Estimated limits of detection (LODs) for kresoxim‐methyl and boscalid were 0.006 and 0.015 mg/kg, and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐ precision were achieved with RSD better than 13.8 and 14.5%, and recoveries were in the range of 77.1–98.7% for kresoxim‐methyl and 72.8–105.1% for boscalid. The expanded uncertainties calculated at 0.1 mg/kg were below 18%. Concentration levels for residues of the two fungicides in melon samples from field trials collected 7 days after the last application were clearly below the established MRL values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

杀菌剂生物测定方法的研究

本研究建立的“蚕豆叶片法”，“黄瓜子叶法”和“萝卜块根法”是简便，快捷的杀菌剂生物测定法，它们分别适用于水稻纹枯病（Pellicularia sasakii)，油菜菌经茎腐病（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)和细菌性白菜软腐病（Erwiniacarotovora)，试材均以植物组织为特征，因此，也可称之为组织筛选法，这些方法试材制备简单，操作技术容易掌握，温度和湿度等环境条件可局部控制，重复性强,在短时间内可对大量样品进行活性检测，通过多种化合物测试，表明这些方法与常规植株筛选法具有很高的相关性，本文建立的“对峙培养法”是一种针对天然物抗菌活性检测法，可适用于微量分离物活性跟踪检测。     

Tolerance of aggressive and non-aggressive isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi to organotin fungicides

The effect of triorganotin compounds, R₃SnX, on the growth of three wild strains of Ceratocystis ulmi (C. ulmi) fungus, two aggressive and one non-aggressive strains, was evaluated in shake culture. In all cases, the triphenyltins were the more effective organotins for the inhibition of C. ulmi in vitro. The anionic group, X, did not have a significant role in the inhibition, suggesting that the species involved in the inhibition is the triphenyltin moiety (Ph₃Sn⁺) or the hydrated triphenyltin moiety (Ph₃Sn(H₂O)⁺₂). It is further suggested that the triphenyltin species Ph₃SnOH and Ph₃SnOAc are the preferred compounds for the control of Dutch elm disease. The tolerance of aggressive isolates to fungitoxins appears to depend more on the nature of the fungicide than on the type of fungus.     

Wittig反应的研究：ⅩⅪ.ω—唑烯类杀菌剂的合成

用相转移催化Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ反应由１，４－二溴丁烷和三苯膦合成了ω－溴代烯类化合物，并由此制得了１５种ω－唑烯类化合物，并对部分化合物进行了杀菌活性测定。     

Organotin wood preservatives: Their compatibility with synthetic pyrethroid insecticides

The stability of three synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin) to selected tributyltin compounds, Bu₃SnX [where X = OSnBu₃, Cl, O₂CC₆H₅, O₂C(naphthenyl), OSO₂C₂H₅], (Bu₃SnO)₃PO and (Bu₄N) (Bu₃SnCl₂), in toluene solution was investigated by infrared spectroscopy over a 24-week period. It was found that only (Bu₃Sn)₂O reacted with the pyrethroids and that their order of reactivity was cypermethrin>deltamethrin>permethrin. An attempt was made to elucidate the reaction mechanism(s) occurring between (Bu₃Sn)₂O and the pyrethroids by studying mixtures of this tributyltin fungicide with simple model compounds, R¹CO₂R² where R¹=CH₃; R²=CH₂C₆H₅ and R¹=cyclo-C₃H₅ and R²=CH₂C₆H₅.