A brief review of co-doping

Dopants and defects are important in semiconductor and magnetic devices. Strategies for controlling doping and defects have been the focus of semiconductor physics research during the past decades and remain critical even today. Co-doping is a promising strategy that can be used for effectively tuning the dopant populations, electronic properties, and magnetic properties. It can enhance the solubility of dopants and improve the stability of desired defects. During the past 20 years, significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been devoted to studying the characteristics of co-doping. In this article, we first review the historical development of co-doping. Then, we review a variety of research performed on co-doping, based on the compensating nature of co-dopants. Finally, we review the effects of contamination and surfactants that can explain the general mechanisms of co-doping.     

Green Extraction Processes for Complex Samples from Vegetable Matrices Coupled with On-Line Detection System: A Critical Review

The detection of analytes in complex organic matrices requires a series of analytical steps to obtain a reliable analysis. Sample preparation can be the most time-consuming, prolonged, and error-prone step, reducing the reliability of the investigation. This review aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of extracting bioactive compounds, sample preparation techniques, automation, and coupling with on-line detection. This review also evaluates all publications on this topic through a longitudinal bibliometric analysis, applying statistical and mathematical methods to analyze the trends, perspectives, and hot topics of this research area. Furthermore, state-of-the-art green extraction techniques for complex samples from vegetable matrices coupled with analysis systems are presented. Among the extraction techniques for liquid samples, solid-phase extraction was the most common for combined systems in the scientific literature. In contrast, for on-line extraction systems applied for solid samples, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction were the most frequent green extraction techniques.     

东圪堵煤矿6-2号煤层放顶煤开采可行性分析

分析了东圪堵煤矿6-2号煤层埋深、煤层裂隙、煤层夹矸情况、顶板情况、采放高度比等情况,指出6-2号煤层的顶煤冒放性一般,通过数值模拟,得出顶煤有明显的滞后垮落现象,顶煤回收率较低,因此东圪堵煤矿6-2号煤层不宜采用综采放顶煤开采的结论。     

有限元网格全自动自适应生成新方法

详细论述了基于推进波前技术提出的全自动自适应网格生成方法．对推进波前法中的基边选择和单元生成等技术关键作了深入的分析，并给出了合理的处理方案，同时也提出了一种快速可靠的单元搜索方法．通过使用当前网格上的计算结果提供的信息，网格被自适应地重新生成．给出的一些实例说明了所提出的自适应网格生成方法的性能．     

综放面巷道煤层自燃危险区域判定方法

根据大型煤自然发火实验测定的松散煤体放热强度，耗氧速率，粒度影响函数，研究了对流换热系数与巷道供风量的关系，结合现场实测的煤体温度，空气温度，巷道几何尺寸，供风量和松散煤体内氧浓度等参数，应用能量守恒原理，提出了巷道顶煤和松散煤柱自燃的极限参数计算方法，建立了巷道煤层自燃危险区域的判定条件及划分方法，给出了不自燃区域，可能自然区域，易燃区域和极易自燃区域的量化指标。     

城市道路大修工程的设计与施工

从设计阶段、开工准备、路基换填、水泥稳定砂砾的机械化施工、面层施工等方面详细地介绍了阳泉市桃南路大修工程中水泥稳定砂砾基层、5cm粗粒式沥青混凝土 3cm热拌沥青碎石面层道路结构形式的设计及施工过程。     

西流水面板堆石坝三维流变分析

采用考虑堆石料流变性的分析模型,对西流水混凝土面板堆石坝进行了三维非线性有限元计算,得到了考虑堆石流变性后的坝体、面板及接缝的位移和应力,同时对比分析了堆石料流变性对混凝土面板堆石坝结构性态的影响．结果表明,虽然堆石流变性对大坝工作性态有一定影响,但对西流水面板坝而言,在考虑堆石流变性影响后,其设计方案在技术上仍是可行的．     

π‐Electron currents in larger fully aromatic benzenoids

Recently, we have reported on calculation of π‐electron ring currents in several smaller fully benzenoid hydrocarbons having up to eight fused benzene rings and five Clar π‐aromatic sextets. In contrast to early HMO ring current calculations and more recent ab initio calculations of π‐electron density, our current calculations are based on a graph theoretical model in which contributions to ring currents comes from currents associated with individual conjugated circuits. In this contribution, we consider several larger fully benzenoid hydrocarbons having from 9 to 13 fused rings and from six or seven π‐aromatic sextets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011