壳聚糖涂膜保鲜玫瑰茄研究

以玫瑰茄为原材料,采用壳聚糖复合涂膜方法对其进行保鲜研究.结果表明：玫瑰茄涂膜保鲜液最佳配方为：壳聚糖质量分数为1.5%,乙酸质量分数为1.0%,1,2-丙二醇质量分数为3.0%,吐温20质量分数为0.03%.     

不同干燥方式对鱼粉营养价值及新鲜度的影响

本文旨在研究不同干燥方式对鱼粉营养价值、新鲜度的影响. 以新鲜杂鱼为原料, 分别采用60、80、100、120、150℃热风干燥以及冷冻干燥方式进行干燥处理. 结果显示: (1)不同干燥方式对鱼粉的粗蛋白质含量没有显著影响(P＞0.05); 采用热风干燥时, 随着温度的升高, 脂肪含量显著降低(P＜0.05); 采用冷冻干燥时, 粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量和80℃干燥组接近. (2)100℃干燥时鱼粉氨基酸总量高于其他处理组, 且赖氨酸、缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量高于其他处理组, 80℃干燥时组氨酸含量高于其他处理组, 采用冻干处理时赖氨酸含量高于其他处理组. (3)150℃干燥时SFA和MUFA含量最高, 80℃干燥时PUFA含量最高, 且EPA和DHA含量也最高. (4)VBN和酸价随着干燥温度的升高而显著降低(P＜0.05). 当采用冷冻干燥时, 鱼粉的酸价显著高于采用干燥组(P＜0.05), 冷冻干燥和60℃干燥鱼粉的VBN显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05). 结果表明: 与热风干燥相比, 冷冻干燥对鱼粉营养成分破坏小, 但不能改善鱼粉新鲜度. 热风处理时提高温度可以改善鱼粉新鲜度, 但干燥温度超过100℃对鱼粉的营养价值有破坏.     

Detection of Amines in Lamb Spoilage by Optical Waveguide Sensor Based on Bromophenol Blue-Silicon Composite Film

We herein report the development of a bromophenol blue(BPB)-silicone composite film/K^+-exchange glass optical waveguide(OWG)sensor for the detection of amines produced during the spoilage of lamb.the optical and structural properties of the sensitive thin film were studied by ultra violet-visible(UV-Vis)spectroscopy,and the light source of the OWG detecting system was selected.Gas sensing measurements showed that the sensor exhibited a good selectivity,higli sensitivity,and short response-recovery time towards volatile amine gases in the 0.00117一11.72 mg/g range.The as-prepared optical waveguide device was subsequently applied in the determination of gases(namely trimethylamine,dimethylamine,and ammonia)emitted from the lamb samples(5g)stored at room temperature(25℃)and in a refrigerator(5℃)for 0—4 d,and the total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)contents were detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy,and the results were compared witli those obtained using our detector.It was found that the sensing element was capable of detecting mixed gases produced by the decomposition of lamb samples in a refrigerator for 0.5 h,where the TVB-N content was lower than 35μg/g.     

基于细粒度新鲜性的密码协议分析

对新鲜性进行了细粒度的定义, 并将新鲜性和秘密性结合, 完善了基于新鲜性原则的密码协议分析方法。区分了不同主体产生的新鲜性标识符的可信任新鲜性, 并对私有秘密和共享秘密给予了更准确的解释。改进后的基于新鲜性原则的密码协议分析方法能够分析并发现 Helsinki 协议中存在的微妙的安全缺陷。     

水产品鲜度品质评价方法研究进展

鲜度对水产品品质及原料的加工适性有着巨大影响,直接决定了产品价值.鲜度检验对水产品安全、运输、仓储及加工有重要意义.现有鲜度检验方法虽有其优点,但存在主观、片面、耗时等缺陷,如何快速、客观评价水产品鲜度已成为水产品加工业亟待解决的课题.在介绍水产品鲜度变化机制的基础上,着重介绍了用于水产品鲜度评价的几种不同方法,包括感官评价、微生物评价、化学评价、物理评价及鲜度指示蛋白评价等,并分析了不同测定方法的优缺点.     

基于嗅觉可视化技术的猪肉新鲜度检测

嗅觉可视化技术是使非可见物质成像(主要是气体成像)的一种无损检测新技术,属人工嗅觉模拟技术的一个新分支.使用卟啉和pH指示剂作为嗅觉可视化传感器阵列的气敏材料,检测猪肉中的优势致腐菌和新鲜度.将3种优势致腐菌(梭状芽孢杆菌、热死环丝菌、假单胞菌)分别接种至3组猪肉样本中,在3种温度(-16℃,4℃和20℃)条件下分别贮藏不同的时间后,采用扫描仪获取可视化传感器阵列与每个样本反应前后的图像信息;将阵列反应前后的颜色差值作为样本特征值,对不同的猪肉样本经不同贮藏时间后产生的挥发性气味,可视化传感器阵列显示其特定的颜色图像与其对应.结果表明,嗅觉可视化技术可以用于检测猪肉的优势致腐菌以及判断猪肉的新鲜度.     

乳鸽胴体保鲜研究

研究壳聚糖对延长乳鸽胴体保鲜期的可行性及效果,用蒸馏水、醋酸处理的乳鸽胴体进行对比。以感官评定、细菌总数、TVB—N值作为鲜度指标。实验结果表明：1％,1．5％．2％浓度的壳聚糖醋酸溶液对乳鸽胴体的保鲜效果均明显优于蒸馏水处理组,能延长保鲜期4至6d;其中,以浓度为1％的壳聚糖溶液保鲜效果最好。     

Study on Volatile Chemicals as Spoilage Indexes of Salmon by HS-SPME-GC-MS Technique during Non-Frozen Storage

Freshness is the most fundamental and important factor to assess raw fish quality. The purpose of our study was to determine the potential spoilage indexes of salmon during non-frozen storage by using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). More than 300 volatile compounds in salmon were detected when sensory scores declined gradually following the quality changes of salmon at different temperatures. And there were 27 and 31 compounds that showed concentration variations when stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Among them, the contents of 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene, acetic acid, and 3-methyl-1-butanol increased significantly in the later storage period and were in accordance with the salmon’s qualities. The present study provides valuable information on the volatile chemical spoilage indexes that are closely related to the freshness of salmon, which may provide an efficient alternative way for quality evaluation of salmon.     

HSSPME-GC-MS联用分析墨吉对虾储藏过程挥发性有机物特征的变化

建立了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析墨吉对虾挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,结合化学计量学方法解析了墨吉对虾储藏过程中VOCs特征的变化,初步研究了VOCs特征变化与其鲜度的关系.采用上述方法,在新鲜和变质墨吉对虾样品中分别检测到22种和16种VOCs组分.采用主成分分析解析新鲜、储藏过程及变质阶段对虾样品的VOCs色谱特征,结果表明墨吉对虾变质前后VOCs特征有明显不同的聚类规律,且对虾样品储藏过程中VOCs特征从新鲜到变质状态呈现逐步过渡的趋势,对虾储藏过程VOCs特征的变化可以提供更加准确的鲜度变化预警信息.最后,采用共有模式统计对比了新鲜和变质墨吉对虾VOCs特征聚类数据,获得对样品变质前后VOCs特征差异贡献前5位VOCs,可作为潜在的鲜度判别预警VOCs标志物.     

Comparative study of albumen pH and whole egg pH for the evaluation of egg freshness

The Haugh unit (HU) is the most widely used measure to assess egg freshness. It is crucial and difficult to measure albumen height as a variable of the HU, especially for stale eggs. Albumen pH is strongly correlated to the HU and rarely affected by age or strain, except for storage. The prediction of albumen pH is a better indicator of egg freshness than the HU. Albumen is separated from the yolk in the albumen pH test, while in the whole egg pH measurement, it is not necessary to separate the albumen from the yolk. The objective of this research was to compare the albumen pH with the whole egg pH using visible near-infrared spectroscopy. Spectra were acquired using transmitted light on white-shelled eggs. Pretreatment methods containing multiplicative scatter correction, the standard normal variate (SNV), the first derivative, and the second derivative were used. A partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to set up prediction models. The results illustrated that PLSR models preprocessed by the SNV of albumen pH and whole egg pH were superior to other models. In the best prediction models, the correlation coefficients for albumen pH and whole egg pH were 0.923 and 0.752, and the root mean square error values were 0.170 and 0.265, respectively. The prediction models of albumen pH were better than those of whole egg pH using the PLSR method. In addition, the relevant information concerning albumen pH and whole egg pH ranged from 550 to 850?nm.