涂层对热电偶热电性能及大气中寿命的影响

在难熔金属热电偶表而施加涂层的目的,旨在使原仅限和真空、中性及还原气氛中测量的热电偶能在大气中使用.本文讨论涂层对难熔金属热电偶在氧化气氛的"热电势—温度","热电势—时间"的关系及其寿命的影响.具有涂层的W/M.热电偶在氧化气氛(常压下1500℃取得263小时±1%t的最高记录,而W-Re热电偶存1500℃试验的前70小时偏差也在1%t内.而没有涂层的热电偶仅支持数分钟便破坏.     

6AZO-CONTAINING SELF-ASSEMBLY ULTRA-THIN FILMS AND THEIR PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES

A kind of azo-containing resin (Azo-R) was synthesized by a simple way through the coupling reaction of 2-nitro-N-methyldiphenylamine-4-diazoresin (NDR) with phenol, and a new covalentely attached multilayer film from Azo-R as H-donor and photosensitive diazoresin, diphenylamine-4-diazoresin (DR) as H-acceptor via H-bonding attraction by selfassembly technique has been fabricated. Following the decomposition of diazonium group of DR under exposure to UV light, the H-bonds between the layers of the film convert to covalent bonds and the film becomes very stable toward polar solvents or electrolyte aqueous solutions. Thus the UV-irradiated azo-containing films can be used to measure photocurrent in a conventional three-electrode photoelectrochemical cell using KCl as supporting electrolyte. It was confirmed that the azo-containing multilayer film is responsible for the photocurrent generation.     

3-D-electron microscopy configuration of TMOS wet silica gels prepared by the quick-freeze,deep-etching-rotary-replication technique

Silica gel provides a useful medium for crystal growth; solution growth is confined to pores left free by the polymer during its development. All growth steps depend on the gel structure, which is not completely known for crystal growth conditions. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3-D) visualization has been performed for two TMOS aqueous gels, which are rather fragile: the quick-freeze, deep-etching, rotary-replication method has been applied for sample preparation. An original surface labeling technique has been used for surface recognition. The results concern the distribution of macropores that are responsible for crystal nucleation; micropores whose total volume is larger have not been visualized due to the limits of the method. These results are discussed in comparison with previous data performed by light scattering.     

环状高分子对胶体稳定性影响的理论研究

将改进的基本度量理论与热力学微扰理论相结合,提出了胶体/高分子系统排空相互作用的IRDFT理论。该理论解释了在实际胶体系统中起重要作用的排斥体积效应和高分子链内相关性的竞争机制。应用该IRDFT,分别以线性链状和环状结构的高分子及其单体为排空元,计算了不同排空元条件下的胶体间排空相互作用。研究表明:对于絮凝破坏,自由环状高分子具有更大的优势。     

基于三支决策的密度敏感谱聚类

将三支决策与密度敏感谱聚类结合,提出了一种基于三支决策的密度敏感谱聚类算法。该算法通过在密度敏感谱聚类的聚类过程引入容差参数得到每个类的上界,然后通过扰动分析算法从上界中分离出核心域,上界和核心域的差值被认定为该类的边界域。聚类结果用核心域和边界域来表示每个类簇,可以更全面地展示数据的结构信息。与传统的硬聚类算法在UCI数据集的实验结果相比较,本文使用核心域计算聚类的评价指标DBI、AS和ACC都有所提升,较好地解决了不确定性对象的聚类问题。     

有限型的首次返回例外集的测度和维数北大核心CSCD

设M=(m_(ij))是一个b×b阶矩阵且m_(ij)∈{0,1},∑_(M)是矩阵M=(m_(ij))诱导产生的有限型,σ是其上左推移算子.本文主要研究的是有限型动力系统(∑_(M),σ)上的首次返回速度问题.令τ_(k)(x)是点x∈∑_(M)首次返回到包含x的k阶柱集时间,且E_(α,β)={x∈∑_(M):lim inf_(k→∞)(logτ_(k)(x))/k=α,lim sup_(k→∞)(logτ_(k)(x))/k=β}.我们证明了:当M是不可约矩阵时,对任意0≤α≤β≤+∞,集合E_(α,β)的Markov测度要么等于0要么等于1并且具有满的Hausdorff维数.     

基于三阶段SBM模型的中国节能服务上市企业效率研究

节能服务企业效率对于推动节能服务产业发展和确保国家“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。运用三阶段SBM模型,对2020年60家中国节能服务上市企业的综合效率进行实证研究,并分析效率的影响因素。研究结果表明,经济发展水平对综合效率具有双重影响,合适的产业结构和较高的投入资本回报率有利于综合效率提升,而政府补贴与企业存续时间制约了综合效率改进;剔除环境因素与随机误差影响后,多数企业综合效率下降,整体效率偏低;提高规模效率是提升综合效率的关键,且绝大部分企业处于规模收益递增状态。研究最后提出创新补贴方式、建立企业认证制度、开展综合能源服务和推动企业间兼并重组等可行建议,以提升节能服务企业的综合效率。     

Fuzzy向量测度及其积分

本文首先在欧氏空间Ｒ￣ｍ中引进序“≤”关系,定义了取值于Ｒ中的Ｆｕｚｚｙ向量测度。在第三部分讨论了取值于Ｒ中的可测向量函数列的收敛,在第四部分定义了可测向量函数关于Ｆｕｕｚｙ向量测度的积分并讨论了这种积分的收敛性。     

Exponential distributions on semigroups

Three fundamental characterizations of the standard exponential distribution on [0, ) are the remaining life, memoryless and constant failure properties. Analogs of these properties are studied for distributions on a class of semigroups in which the semigroup operation replaces addition, a compatible partial order replaces the ordinary order, and a left-invariant measure replaces Lebesgue measure. Partial characterizations of exponential distributions on such semigroups are obtained and the semigroup formulation provides new characterizations of certain aging properties studied in reliability-increasing failure rate, new better than used, and increasing failure rate average.     

Rate conservation laws: A survey

We survey the rate conservation law, RCL for short, arising in queues and related stochastic models. RCL was recognized as one of the fundamental principles to get relationships between time and embedded averages such as the extended Little's formulaH=G, but we show that it has other applications. For example, RCL is one of the important techniques for deriving equilibrium equations for stochastic processes. It is shown that the various techniques, including Mecke's formula for a stationary random measure, can be formulated as RCL. For this purpose, we start with a new definition of the rate with respect to a random measure, and generalize RCL by using it. We further introduce the notion of quasi-expectation, which is a certain extension of the ordinary expectation, and derive RCL applicable to the sample average results. It means that the sample average formulas such asH=G can be obtained as the stationary RCL in the quasi-expectation framework. We also survey several extensions of RCL and discuss examples. Throughout the paper, we would like to emphasize how results can be easily obtained by using a simple principle, RCL.