土霉素残留在鲫鱼体内的消除规律

在(10±1)℃水温条件下,用50mg/kg剂量对鲫鱼口灌土霉素3d,每天2次.用紫外分光光度计测定鲫鱼 血液和组织中土霉素的残留量.结果表明:在土霉素消除期间,肾脏中土霉素残留量最高,肌肉中最低,血液和肌 肉中土霉素的含量与时间的动态变化趋势很相似;给药后的第32h,土霉素的量在血液和组织中达到最高含量;土 霉素在达到最高含量之后的一段时间内,肾脏中土霉素含量随着时间的推移急剧下降,而在肌肉中,土霉素含量随 着时间的推移缓慢下降;第288h时,土霉素在肝脏、肌肉和血液中已经下降到较低水平,其含量分别为0.53, 0.12,0.39mg/kg,肾脏中药物含量仍然很高,为2.75mg/kg.由此得知:在所有的组织中,肌内中土霉素的残留 量是最低的;最后一次给药后的第12d后,人食用鱼肉是安全的.     

富水氢氧化铝污泥冷冻时间的预测

对描述平板状和圆柱状富水氢氧化铝污泥冷冻的一维非稳态热传导数学模型进行适当的参数简化,并结合修正的Plank表达式,用数值法和半经验法对平板状和圆柱状污泥的冷冻时间进行了预测.结果表明,数值法预测的冷冻时间和温度与实验测定值吻合良好,但此法较烦琐;半经验法预测的冷冻时间比实验值稍偏小,但此法较简便.根据预测结果可以得到,在冷冻环境为-15℃时,8mm厚的平板状或6mm圆柱状污泥从30℃冷冻到-5℃所需的冷冻时间均约为40min,这为冷冻装置工业设计提供了基本依据.     

H.264中树状结构运动估计的连续消除算法

为减少视频编码标准 H.2 6 4中树状结构运动估计的高运算复杂度 ,将连续消除算法 (SEA )应用于树状结构的运动估计中。在性能完全相同的条件下 ,与 H.2 6 4整像素运动矢量全搜索算法相比 ,其块匹配运算量减少到原来的 1%～ 2 0 %。利用不同大小块之间因部分重叠 ,其运动矢量具有更强相关性的特点。提出了一种简单有效地确定运动矢量搜索初值的方法 ,并应用两种快速的目标运动矢量判定方法 ,改进了 SEA算法。在性能损失可以忽略的情况下 ,进一步将基本 SEA运算量降低到全搜索块匹配运算量的 0 .3%～4 %。     

基于超螺旋精度提升机制的OFDM网络信道噪声消除算法

为解决当前OFDM网络信道噪声消除算法难以规避信道中的窄带莱斯噪声,且抗信道衰落能力不强,以及信道间普遍存在严重的频率干涉问题,提出了一种基于超螺旋精度提升机制的OFDM网络信道噪声消除算法.首先,根据各个传输子信道具有差异化的频率载波特性,将传输子信道等价为接收背景中的接收点,从而构建了超螺旋接收结构,有效消除不同传输子信道间存在的频率干扰特性,降低信道窄带莱斯噪声对信号预发射过程的衰落影响;随后,基于角度识别方式进行锐-钝识别,并结合拐点思想,采用序列重排技术,将待发射信号进行消波处理,并进行自旋精度提升,从而提高了其抗窄带莱斯噪声的性能.仿真实验表明:与常见的超高频精度自适应机制(UHF adaptive,UHFA)、共线度自旋精度提升机制(the degree of accuracy of collinear spin,DACS)相比,本文算法与理想状态下的OFDM功率谱密度曲线最为接近,具有更高的信号增益水平与更低的信道误码率.     

Click Chemistry on Polymer Support: Synthesis of 1-Vinyl- and 1-Allyl-1,2,3-triazoles via Selenium Linker

Polystyrene-supported 2-azidoethyl phenyl selenide and 3-azidopropyl phenyl selenide reagents have been developed and applied to the traceless solid-phase organic synthesis of 1-vinyl- and 1-allyl-1,2,3-triazoles by CuI-mediated azide–alkyne cycloadditions and subsequent cleavage from the polymer support through oxidation–elimination reaction with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The advantages of this method include straightforward operation, good yield and purity of the products, and good stability and lack of odor for the reagents.     

Unconventional stereoselective one-pot synthesis of Knoevenagel-type indoles via in situ condensation of iminium salts with active methylene reagents

A simple one-pot procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of Knoevenagel-type indoles is described. The method is based on the in situ reaction of indole iminium salts (four of them are fully characterized) with acyclic symmetrical and unsymmetrical active methylene reagents in the presence of triethylamine. In general, the overall yields are moderate to good. Some of relevant reaction parameters and steric effects affecting stereoselectivity are discussed.     

Exploring Regioselective Bond Cleavage and Cross‐Coupling Reactions using a Low‐Valent Nickel Complex

Recently, esters have received much attention as transmetalation partners for cross‐coupling reactions. Herein, we report a systematic study of the reactivity of a series of esters and thioesters with [{(dtbpe)Ni}₂(μ‐η²:η²‐C₆H₆)] (dtbpe=1,2‐bis(di‐tert‐butyl)phosphinoethane), which is a source of (dtbpe)nickel(0). Trifluoromethylthioesters were found to form η²‐carbonyl complexes. In contrast, acetylthioesters underwent rapid C_acyl?S bond cleavage followed by decarbonylation to generate methylnickel complexes. This decarbonylation could be pushed backwards by the addition of CO, allowing for regeneration of the thioester. Most of the thioester complexes were found to undergo stoichiometric cross‐coupling with phenylboronic acid to yield sulfides. While ethyl trifluoroacetate was also found to form an η²‐carbonyl complex, phenyl esters were found to predominantly undergo C_aryl?O bond cleavage to yield arylnickel complexes. These could also undergo transmetalation to yield biaryls. Attempts to render the reactions catalytic were hindered by ligand scrambling to yield nickel bis(acetate) complexes, the formation of which was supported by independent syntheses. Finally, 2‐naphthyl acetate was also found to undergo clean C_aryl?O bond cleavage, and although stoichiometric cross‐coupling with phenylboronic acid proceeded with good yield, catalytic turnover has so far proven elusive.     

Perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether polymers via polycondensation of decafluorocyclohexene with bisphenols

A novel class of semifluorinated perfluorocyclohexenyl (PFCH) aryl ether homo/copolymers was successfully synthesized with high yield through the step‐growth polymerization of commercially available bisphenols and decafluorocyclohexene in the presence of a triethylamine base. The synthesized polymers exhibit variable thermal properties depending on the functional spacer group (R). PFCH aryl ether copolymers with random and alternating architectures were also prepared from versatile bis‐perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether monomers. The PFCH polymers show high thermal stabilities with a 5% decomposition temperature ranging from 359 to 444 °C in air and nitrogen atmosphere. These semifluorinated PFCH aromatic ether polymers contain intact enchained PFCH olefin moieties, making further reactions such as crosslinking and application specific functionalization possible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 232–238     

探究多囊卵巢综合征患者冻融胚胎移植子宫内膜准备方案的选择

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征患者冻融胚胎移植子宫内膜准备的两种方案的效果。方法选择2014年3月到2016年3月间在深圳武警医院选择行冻融胚胎移植子宫内膜准备的700例多囊卵巢综合征患者作为研究对象,对所有患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者子宫内膜准备方案分为人工组(n=350)和促排卵组(n=350),对比两组患者冻融胚胎移植效果。结果人工组患者胚胎复苏率、优质胚胎率、移植胚胎数、子宫内膜厚度、胚胎种植率、妊娠率与促排卵组相比均无差异,P0.05。结论人工子宫内膜与促排卵内膜效果相似,均可推广运用。