Effect of Neck Formation on the Measurement of Dynamic Interfacial Tension in a Drop Volume Tensiometer

Dynamic interfacial tension values obtained by drop volume tensiometry will be affected under certain experimental conditions by the formation of a neck between the drop and the capillary tip. This phenomenon must be accounted for to obtain accurate values of interfacial tension. In this work, neck formation for a water–mineral oil system is studied under conditions where hydrodynamic effects can be neglected. A model originally developed for the determination of the surface tension of a suspended drop is modified for application to dynamic interfacial tensions of surfactant-containing liquids. The model relates apparent values of interfacial tension calculated from drops possessing necks to actual values. Experiments with Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants in a mineral oil–water system are used to test the validity of the developed model. For the small tip diameter used, good agreement is obtained for Span 80 up to the critical micelle concentration, and for low concentrations of SDS, when the surfactant adsorption is diffusion-limited. In both cases, the neck diameter of the growing drop can be considered constant over the range of dynamic interfacial tensions tested.     

Qualitative evaluation of aromatic herbs by direct headspace GC analysis. Applications of the method and comparison with the traditional analysis of essential oils

GC headspace analyses of various aromatizing herbs have been compared with those relating to the essential oils, obtained by steam distillation, of the same plants. In this way it was possible to establish the most significant differences between the composition of a herb flavor and that of its essential oil. In particular, we observed some very volatile compounds in the headspace samples which were absent from the essential oil; these components may make an important contribution to the herb flavor. The identification of these substances is still in progress.     

Synthesis of thiol chelating resins and their adsorption properties toward heavy metal ions

A series of chelating resins, derived from a macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene (2%) copolymer beads grafted with various poly(ethylene glycols) HO? (? CH₂? CH₂? O? )_n? H(n = 0, 4, 9, 13) and containing thiol groups as chelating functions, have been synthesized in a three-step reaction sequence. The structure of the functionalized resins was confirmed by IR spectrophotometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The complexation behavior of these thiol resins was investigated towards Hg(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) ions in aqueous solution by a batch equilibration technique. The influence of pH on adsorption capacity was also examined. The adsorption values for metal ions' intake followed the order Hg(II) > Cu(II) > Pb(II). The affinity of these polymers towards Hg(II) ions was so high that the total mercury level in the liquid decreased from 20 ppm to below 10 ppb after 2 h of treatment. Polymers can be regenerated by washing with a solution of hydrochloric acid (6N) and 10% by weight of an aqueous solution of thiourea. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

镁修饰丝光沸石对萘异丙基化选择性的影响

2，6-二异丙基萘是制备高级聚酯材料PEN和液晶聚合物的原料。用择形催化剂丝光沸石代替传统的Friedel—Crafts催化剂，在高压釜中以萘和丙烯为原料经异丙基化反应合成了2，6-DIPN。采用浸渍法用少量镁盐修饰水汽脱铝氢型丝光沸石（SDHM），减少了SDHM外表面的强B酸中心和非择形产物的生成，从而使2，6-DIPN的择形率提高到71％。2，6-DIPN／2，7-DIPN摩尔比达到2．89，有利于2，6-DIPN的分离提纯。     

白花茵陈茎叶中挥发油化学成分的研究

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏和石油醚萃取法提取白花茵陈中的挥发油,并通过GC-MS对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定.结果表明,2种方法提取的挥发油的主要化学成分基本相似,主要为萜烯类及其含氧衍生物（如百里香酚和香荆芥酚）和脂肪酸及其酯等.     

采油中的润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变

为了深入了解润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变在；果油中的地位、应用和相互关系，从概念、相互关系和测量方法等方面探讨了3个量的意义，分析了它们在采油中的作用和应用。分析表明，粘附与润湿均与吸附有关，二者关系密切，在采油中起着举足轻重的作用。油在岩石表面的粘附功、润湿热越大，越不容易被驱走；驱油剂在岩石表面的润湿热越大，越有利于自发渗吸，提高洗油效率；驱油剂在岩石表面的吸附焓变越大，吸附能力越强，越有利于改变岩石表面的性质。     

火灾烟气浓度弥散过程中分岔与奇异性研究

结合某大型储油罐区的自然环境条件，建立了火灾烟气浓度及其随时空变化的数学模型；借助ALOFT-FT软件，揭示火灾烟气浓度弥散过程中的分岔和奇异性；利用三维多彩散点和三维矩阵技术对火灾烟气中CO，SO2和PM10的分岔和奇异性实现可视化，绘出了在下风向轴线上和地表上火灾烟气中CO，SO2和PM10浓度的弥散燕列图和弥散燕影图，为制定重大事故应急救援预案和火灾事故人员疏散提供科学的决策依据。     

常压蒸馏塔模拟分析

根据常减压炼油装置在线模拟分析与优化控制的需要，研究了常减压蒸馏塔模型建立及求解方法，设计开发成功该装置的严格在线模拟分析优化系统．结合实际工艺流程，通过研究分析原油常压蒸馏塔的结构特点，提出了模拟常压蒸馏装置的模块法收敛求解新策略，即把该装置分解为精馏、吸收、闪蒸等模块的流程组合，克服了现有模拟方法的局限性，可方便地将已有的数学模型、解算方法等成熟模块应用于常压塔的模拟分析，准确有效地进行装置的严格在线模拟与优化．     

曲轴轴颈轮廓形状对轴承使用性能的影响

曲轴轴颈母线形状对轴承使用性能影响巨大，从工厂曲轴的实际使用情况出发，列出了几种常见的曲轴轴颈廓形在工作时与之相配轴瓦的实际磨损情况，初步分析了出现这种情况的原因；并运用弹性流体动力润滑理论对曲轴轴颈油膜厚度进行了计算，验证了实际使用时出现的结果．     

成就动机的激发与维持在体育专业足球教学中的实验研究

运用麦克利兰的成就动机理论，采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验对比法和数理统计的方法，在高等师范体育教育专业足球教学中进行激发与维持学生成就动机的实验研究．结果表明：实验班成绩优于对照班，且有显著性的差异．在足球教学中激发与维持学生的成就动机，可以有效地提高足球教学的效果和学生的足球成绩．