花生油磷酸酯加脂剂的研制及应用

本文报道了以花生油为原料,经酯交换,磷酸化制备新型皮革加脂剂,并研究了其单一及复配后的加脂性能。     

武汉市暴雨气候特征分析

利用武汉市东西湖区,蔡甸区,江夏区气象站１９５９￣１９９６年５￣９月降水资料及武汉城区各雨量站,１９８８￣１９９５年５￣９月降水自记资料,统计分析武汉市暴雨、大暴雨时空分布特征及其变化规律,确定武汉市灾害性暴雨标准,其研究结果可为武汉地区暴雨防灾减灾工作提供背景依据。     

电场作用油葵种子后苗期生长抗干旱性的试验

用不同强度的匀强电场作用油葵种子一定时间,实验测定电场对幼苗根系活力、植株缺水程度和抗旱生长的影响．结果表明：油葵种子受电场作用后能够提高苗期生长的抗干旱性能     

热电联产热力系统参数与结构方案同步综合

将复杂非线性蒸汽动力系统参数优化扩展到热电联产流程结构和蒸汽参数的联合优化,提出的混合整数非线性规划（ＭＩＮＬＰ）模型包含非凸非线性费用目标函数、复杂非线性过程约束及多方案选择的组合优化０－１变量逻辑约束．应用算例表明,所采用的模型和改进的遗传算法解决热力系统组合方案优化问题是可行的．     

Isolation of essential oils from tobacco by gas co-distillation/solvent extraction

Summary The essential oils have been isolated from tobacco leaves using a simple gas co-distillation apparatus. The method involves co-distillation with water under the continuous stream of an inert gas with subsequent single solvent extraction of the distillate. The extract is analysed on GC and GC/MS in splitless injection mode without further concentration. The method was evaluated for reproducibility using n-octadecane as an internal standard. The distillation-extraction procedure was reporducible with an average deviation of ±3% for the major constituents. The present method was applied to the analyses of the essential oils of other agricultural products.Dedicated to Dr. L. S. Ettre on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Bond interchange reactions in functionalized triglyceride oil/poly(ethylene terephthalate) compositions

Naturally functionalized triglyceride oils are renewable resources which contain reactive chemical groups, hydroxyl in the case of castor oil, and epoxide in the case of vernonia oil. In this article, the reaction of these groups, and the ester linkages between the glycerol and acid residue portions of the oil molecule with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is investigated through a variety of means. Multiple reactions are possible in the triglyceride–PET system, some of which form a copolymer that increases miscibility, and if allowed to continue, forms a completely random copolymer mixture. Among the numerous reactions possible, PET–ester exchange with the hydroxyl or epoxide functionality of the triglyceride oils is found to be the most significant, and the effects of these and other reactions are observed and structural implications discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Pyrolysis Analysis and Kinetics of Crude Oils

This research presents the results of an experimental study on the determination of pyrolysis behaviour and kinetics of six crude oils by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Crude oil pyrolysis indicated two main temperature ranges where loss of mass was observed. The first region between ambient to 400°C was distillation. The second region between 400 and 600°C was visbreaking and thermal cracking. Arrhenius-type kinetic model is used to determine the kinetic parameters of crude oils studied. It was observed that as crude oils gets heavier (°API decreases) cracking activation energy increases. Activation energy of cracking also show a general trend with asphaltene content. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Screening the origin and weathering of oil slicks by attenuated total reflectance mid-IR spectrometry

The combination of attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform mid-infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTMIR) and multivariate pattern recognition is presented as a fast and convenient methodology to ascertain the source product an oil slick comes from and to evaluate the extent of its weathering. Different types of hydrocarbons (including crude oils, several heavy distillates and the Prestige's heavy fuel oil) were spilled on metallic containers designed ad hoc and their fate monitored by ATR-FTMIR. Not only environmental conditions were considered for weathering but artificial IR- and UV-irradiation. Pattern-recognition studies revealed that the different hydrocarbons clustered at different locations on the score plots and that the samples corresponding to each oil became ordered according to the extent of their weathering. Among them, fuel oil samples coming from the recent disaster of the Prestige tanker off the Galician shoreline showed a distinctive behaviour. Comparison of natural-, IR- and UV-weathering of a crude oil showed that IR solar radiation can be important in oil-weathering, in addition to broadly-reported UV degradation.     

Components of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia pontica</Emphasis>

Chemical components from the aerial part of the Kazakhstan population of Artemisia pontica, from which the rarely encountered flavonoids 7-O-methyl- and 4′,7-di-O-methyl-esters of apigenin were isolated for the first time, were identified. The complete chemical composition of the essential oil was established using GC-MS.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 143–145, March–April, 2005.