On the physical impossibility of ideal quantum measurements

Albert and Loewer have argued in this journal [4] that modal interpretations of quantum mechanics are ruled out if the abstract structure of Hilbert space is taken realistically. Their argument contains a dubious inference from a measure-zero set of non-ideal interactions. I look at possible ways to make this inference valid and I conclude that the evidence against the modal interpretation cannot be found in the Hilbert space alone. Instead an analysis of specific cases is required.I want to thank the audience at the 1995 Florence IUHPS Conference, and Harvey Brown, Nancy Cartwright, Jim Cushing, Marco Del Seta, Arthur Fine, Margaret Morrison, Fred Müller and Pieter Vermaas for comments and suggestions.     

Science and Arts,Philosophy and Science: Why after All? Why Not?

This perspective summarizes some interdisciplinary aspects of science and the relation to philosophy, also including the basic motivations and aims as they might be discussed with young scientists starting their careers and presented also in the form of a commencement speech. The contents of this speech were repeatedly discussed also with Jack Dunitz, who showed great interest in it, given his broad interests. The speech also referred to an earlier commencement speech by Jack Dunitz in 1989. In the introduction of our essay, we mention the early common history of science and humanities under the name of philosophy. This early history can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophy and the ‘academy’ of Platon in Athens with a history of more than 1000 years until closure in 529 AD, in modern times revived as the National Greek Academy in Athens in the 19th and 20th centuries. Other ‘academies’ in Europe started in the 17th century and had publications under various names involving ‘philosophy’ with a focus on what we call science (natural science) today. After about 1800 there was increasing fragmentation of the various fields of knowledge and philosophy was considered to be part of the modern ‘humanities’ quite separate from science, and the natural sciences were fragmented into physics, chemistry, biology etc., and even finer subdivisions. The essay also describes an effort at ETH Zurich, reintegrating the various subfields of science and also stressing an education of scientists and engineers in the humanities. The essay concludes with a discussion of several global risks for mankind and a scientific imperative to maintain life on Earth. The common aspects and the foundations of all sciences as fields of knowledge aiming for an understanding of the world around us and of human beings as part of it are discussed from various perspectives.     

柔性基础上设备振动隔离问题的研究

从多支承系统出发,运用功率流和四端参数方法,研究了安装在柔性基础上设备振动的隔离问题,建立了机器－隔振器－柔性基础的一般模型,分析了系统振动传递特性,在计入柔性基础波动效应情况下,推导了系统功率流表达式,并分析了基础柔性,波动效应等对隔振效果的影响。     

考虑模量变化与三维应力影响的地基沉降分析方法

鉴于三维应力作用下土变形模量变化的根本原因在于体积变化,首先视地基土是由孔隙与土颗粒骨架组成的两相介质,将地基土单元抽象为空心球壳单元,利用Walsh公式及体积应力作用下的球壳位移计算公式,导出了地基土变形模量、土颗粒骨架变形模量与地基土孔隙率之间的关系模型,在此基础上,考虑地基土变形模量变化的非线性特征,引进分级加载思想,建立了增量体积应力作用的地基土变形模量变化的递推关系模型,然后,考虑三维应力影响,联合引进分层总和与分级加载的思想,利用前述地基土增量体积应力作用的地基土变形模量变化的递推关系模型,建立了新的地基沉降分析方法.该方法不仅能反映三维应力及变形模量变化对地基沉降分析的影响,还能有效避免地基土压缩试验曲线或地基静载试验曲线的使用.通过工程实例计算,并与现有同类分析方法进行比较分析,表明了本文模型与方法的合理性与优越性.     

Quantum equilibrium and the origin of absolute uncertainty

The quantum formalism is a measurement formalism-a phenomenological formalism describing certain macroscopic regularities. We argue that it can be regarded, and best be understood, as arising from Bohmian mechanics, which is what emerges from Schrödinger's equation for a system of particles when we merely insist that particles means particles. While distinctly non-Newtonian, Bohmian mechanics is a fully deterministic theory of particles in motion, a motion choreographed by the wave function. We find that a Bohmian universe, though deterministic, evolves in such a manner that anappearance of randomness emerges, precisely as described by the quantum formalism and given, for example, by = ¦¦ ². A crucial ingredient in our analysis of the origin of this randomness is the notion of the effective wave function of a subsystem, a notion of interest in its own right and of relevance to any discussion of quantum theory. When the quantum formalism is regarded as arising in this way, the paradoxes and perplexities so often associated with (nonrelativistic) quantum theory simply evaporate.This paper is dedicated to the memory of J. S. Bell.     

条形桩基承台梁随机优化分析

在考虑基桩承载力差异性和桩土共同工作等因素的基础上引入随机优化分析理论。提出了基桩承载力随机生成的计算机方法,并采用遗传算法对承台梁内力进行随机分析．结合工程实例,进行了比较计算．计算结果表明,基桩刚度变异系数、梁下土体分段数对承台梁节点的弯矩影响不大,最大负弯矩值相差不到1％,且在对称荷载下,基桩刚度一致的承台梁弯矩最为均匀．     

弹性地基上Vlasov板的位移通解

针对Pasternak地基上Vlasov板的定解方程 ,给出了一个形式简洁的通解w =1- h25 ( 1- μ) 2 ψ1　　　　φx =1+ h22 0 ( 1- μ) 2 ψ1x + ψ2yφy =1+ h22 0 ( 1- μ) 2 ψ1y - ψ2x其中 ,ψ1、ψ2 分别满足D+ GPh25 ( 1- μ) 2 2 ψ1-GP + kh25 ( 1- μ) 2 ψ1+kψ1=qψ2 - h210 2 ψ2 =0