A problem structuring method for ecosystem-based management: The DPSIR modelling process

The purpose of this paper is to learn from Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) theory to inform the development of Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) both in general and in the specific context of marine management. The focus on marine management is important because it is concerned with a CAS (formed through the interconnection between natural systems, designed systems and social systems) which exemplifies their particularly ‘wicked’ nature. Recognition of this compels us to take seriously the need to develop tools for knowledge elicitation and structuring which meet the demands of CAS. In marine management, chief among those tools is the DPSIR (Drivers – Pressures – State Changes – Impacts – Responses) model and, although widely applied, the extent to which it is appropriate for dealing with the demands of a CAS is questionable. Such questioning is particularly pertinent in the context of the marine environment where there is a need to not only recognise a broad range of stakeholders (a question of boundary critique) but also to manage competing knowledge (economic, local and scientific) and value claims. Hence this paper emphasises how a CAS perspective might add impetus to the development of a critical perspective on DPSIR and PSM theory and practice to promote a more systemic view of decision-making and policy development.     

全面推进我国生态工业建设步伐势在必行

从可持续发展的角度,对我国目前的工业运作和发展模式进行了分析,指出了其主要的弊端,进一步论述我国全面推进生态工业建设步伐的必要性和紧迫性,并提出了相应的实施策略。     

用概率统计方法评价网络信息资源

网络信息资源以海量存储、迅速增长、动态变化为其主要特征,对网络信息资源的科学评价,不仅有助于更加有效地组织、开发、利用网络信息资源,给用户以指导性建议,而且也可以促进网络信息资源的良性发展.近年来国内外对网络信息资源定性评价大多集中于评价指标的确定,且有些指标之间难免有包含或不十分恰当之处.针对以上问题,提出了定性评价的6个方面的指标以及用概率统计中的期望值与方差对网络信息资源进行评价的观点,并给出了具体的数学计算方法.     

企业资源利用方式的战略转变

在全球经济一体化的开放时代,企业竞争实力不是简单地体现在占有资源的数量和质量上,更多体现在企业如何利用外部资源来创造价值的能力上 提高竞争能力意味着企业应把资源利用方式从传统的"占有模式"转变为"整合模式",以开放的方式来构造企业的资源利用系统 而经济自由化和网络的发展已经为企业更大范围的资源整合提供了外部条件 整合手段就是以企业具有竞争优势的资源和管理能力为纽带,去利用外部资源来构建企业的开放价值创造体系     

高校图书馆电子资源的建设

就高校图书馆电子资源的内容、发展、评价、宣传、利用等几个关键性问题作了一些分析。     

中国土地资源生态敏感性评价与空间格局分析

基于资源环境基础数据库,构建土地生态敏感性评价指标体系,进行中国土地资源生态敏感性评价,揭示土地生态敏感性的空间分布特点,进而对不同土地资源和不同农业区土地资源的生态敏感性进行差异分析,得到如下结果.1)中国土地资源生态敏感性空间差异显著,高度生态敏感区集中在4个区域:北方干旱/半干旱沙漠(地)的土地沙化敏感区、黄土高...     

有机化学实验教学资源的建设与实践

教学资源建设是高校教学改革的一项重要工作。以提高实验教学质量和培养创新能力为目标,探索了我校有机化学实验教学资源的建设内容,并通过网络平台用于辅助教学。视频资源,有效地提高了课前预习效果;课件资源,培养了学生的实验设计思想和创新能力;拓展资源,开拓了学生的视野,提高了化学实验兴趣;在线测试题库资源,有效准确地检验了学生的理论水平。教学资源通过实践应用,教学效果明显,切实提高了教学质量。     

混合式教学模式下仪器分析双语教学探究

探讨了混合式教学模式下仪器分析的双语教学情况,主要包括：教学设计、资源库建设、新型教学模式构建与教学方法实践、课堂教学考评、教学团队建设等。以期进一步拓宽学生的国际化视野,提升学生运用外语获取仪器分析前沿知识和自主综合学习能力,提高课堂教学效果和课程国际化水平。     

Physiological characteristics of tropical rain forest tree species: a basis for the development of silvicultural technology

The physiological characteristics of the dominant tree species in the tropical rain forest mainly belonging to dipterocarps as well as the environmental conditions especially for the light in the forest were studied to establish the silvicultural system for the forest regeneration in the tropical South Asia. The flowering patterns of the dipterocarp trees are usually irregular and unpredictable, which make difficult to collect sufficient seeds for raising the seedlings. The field survey revealed the diverged features of the so-called gregarious or simultaneous flowering of various species of this group. Appropriate conditions and methods for the storage of the seeds were established according to the detailed analyses of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the seeds such as the low temperature tolerance and the moisture contents. The intensity and spectra of the light in the forest primarily determine the growth and the morphological development of the seedlings under the canopy. Based on the measurements of the diffused light at the sites in the tropical forest in the varying sunlight, the parameters such as "the steady state of the diffuse light" and "the turning point" were defined, which were useful to evaluate the light conditions in the forest. To improve the survival of the transplanted seedlings, a planting method of "the bare-root seedlings", the seedlings easy to be handled by removal of all leaves, soil and pots, was developed. Its marked efficiency was proved with various dipterocarps and other tropical trees by the field trial in the practical scale. Tolerance of the various species to the extreme environmental conditions such as fires, acid soils and drought were examined by the experiments and the field survey, which revealed marked adaptability of Shorea roxburghii as a potential species for regeneration of the tropical forests.     

森林生态补偿问题研究进展

在人类社会经济发展中,森林生态系统发挥了重要作用。森林生态补偿成为政府和社会各界恢复和保护森林生态系统的重要手段。笔者综述了森林生态补偿的概念、原则、设计机制、所产生影响的评价以及交易成本对森林生态补偿的影响等方面的研究进展,认为已有研究取得了较好进展,但在经济学理论与政策可操作性等方面依然存在可改进的学术空间,需要充分考虑森林生态系统的长期性和社会经济发展的动态性,更好地把握森林生态补偿实施效果,完善森林生态补偿政策设计。