The effect of a coriolis force on Taylor-Couette flow

Taylor-Couette flow subject to a Coriolis force is studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the Couette apparatus is mounted on a turntable with the axis of the cylinders orthogonal to the rotation vector of the turntable. The Coriolis force stabilizes the fluid against the onset of Taylor vortices and alters the velocity fields, both above and below the transition from the initial flow. At small dimensionless turntable frequencies, the transition yields time-independent Taylor vortices which are tilted with respect to the cylinder axis. At larger there is a direct transition to turbulence. We determine the first-order correction to the classical Couette initial flow, to account for the effects of the Coriolis force, by expanding in powers of. We present numerical results for the axial velocity (the only nonvanishing correction term to order) in the infinite-cylinder approximation.     

Fluorous reverse-phase silica gel-supported Lewis acids as recyclable catalysts in water

Fluorous reverse-phase silica gel (FRPSG)-supported Lewis acids which have fluorous ligands acted as effective catalysts of Baeyer-Villiger and Diels-Alder reactions in water. Direct esterification of carboxylic acid with alcohol in organic media was also catalyzed. The FRPSG-supported Lewis acids could be recycled by simple filtration after the reaction.     

Application of HPLC to measure vanadium in environmental,biological and clinical matrices

Vanadate and vanadium compounds exist in many environmental, biological and clinical matrices, and despite the need only limited progress has been made on the analysis of vanadium compounds. The vanadium coordination chemistry of different oxidation states is known, and the result of the characterization and speciation analysis depends on the subsequent chemistry and the methods of analysis. Many studies have used a range of methods for the characterization and determination of metal ions in a variety of materials. One successful technique is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that has been used mainly for measuring total vanadium level and metal speciation. Some cases have been reported where complexes of different oxidation states of vanadium have been separated by HPLC. Specifically reversed phase (RP) HPLC has frequently been used for the measurement of vanadium. Other HPLC methods such as normal phase, anion-exchange, cation-exchange, size exclusion and other RP-HPLC modes such as, ion-pair and micellar have been used to separate selected vanadium compounds. We will present a review that summarizes and critically analyzes the reported methods for analysis of vanadium salts and vanadium compounds in different sample matrices. We will compare various HPLC methods and modes including sample preparation, chelating reagents, mobile phase and detection methods. The comparison will allow us to identify the best analytical HPLC method and mode for measuring vanadium levels and what information such methods provide with regard to speciation and quantitation of the vanadium compounds.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极电催化剂

直接甲醇燃料电池作为未来清洁的动力能源，由于具有下列优点：操作温度低(<100℃)、燃料易储存和运输、能量效率高、污染低和燃料启动快而受到人们广泛的关注。阳极电催化剂是直接甲醇燃料电池最重要的组成部分。本文综述了近三年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极电催化剂最新的研究进展，主要对催化剂制备方法、新型碳载体材料、催化剂类型作了详细的评述，展望了未来甲醇电催化氧化催化剂的发展，指出了电催化剂面临的问题。     

Use of small diameter WCOT columns for ultra-high resolution GC/MS

For clinical and environmental analyses utilizing capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), increased sensitivity and speed of analysis are highly desirable. These performance advantages are realized using a WCOT column of 100 μm i.d. as compared to the more conventional 200 μm i.d. capillary columns. The improved sensitivity of capillary direct GC/MS with the 100 μm i.d. column for the confirmation of drugs of abuse will be demonstrated. For environmental analysis, the superior efficiency and resolution of the 100 μm i.d. column can be employed for the separation of priority pollutants. This approach is more amenable to capillary direct GC/MS providing a more effective interface to the mass spectrometer. As a result improved sensitivity and a considerable decrease in analysis time is achieved over that obtained with the larger diameter environmental specialty phase columns.     

Synthesis and properties of organosoluble poly(amide imide imide)s based on tetraimide dicarboxylic acid condensed from 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 4,4′‐oxydianiline,and trimellitic anhydride and various aromatic diamines

A novel tetraimide dicarboxylic acid was synthesized with the ring‐opening addition of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 4,4′‐oxydianiline, and trimellitic anhydride in a 1/2/2 molar ratio in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone followed by azeotropic condensation to tetraimide dicarboxylic acid. A series of poly(amide imide imide)s (PAIIs) with inherent viscosities of 0.8–1.1 dL/g were prepared from tetraimide dicarboxylic acid with various aromatic diamines by direct polycondensation. Most of the PAIIs were readily soluble in a variety of amide polar solvents and even in less polar m‐cresol and pyridine. Solvent‐cast films had tensile strengths ranging from 99 to 106 MPa, elongations at break ranging from 8 to 13%, and initial moduli ranging from 2.0 to 2.3 GPa. The glass‐transition temperatures of these PAIIs were recorded at 244–276 °C. They had 10% weight losses at temperatures above 520 °C in air or nitrogen atmospheres. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1092–1102, 2002     

宽梁-薄墙肢梁筋直锚节点试验

在宽梁-薄墙肢节点的弹性有限元分析基础上,对近似足尺的2个宽梁-薄墙肢梁筋直锚节点进行了试验,研究了宽梁节点区的受力和变形性能,特别是纵筋的受力、滑移以及节点区的破坏形态.有限元分析和试验表明:宽梁应伸进墙肢一定的长度,以使宽梁截面的弯曲应力沿着梁截面宽度分布均匀,充分发挥宽梁的抗弯能力;位于墙外侧的宽梁上部纵筋锚固环境较差,如果仅仅满足规范规定的锚固长度,不能保证节点的承载力和延性;节点区的宽梁箍筋对于凸出在墙外的宽梁上部纵筋的锚固具有比较重要的作用.如果节点区的宽梁箍筋数量不足,宽梁在节点区将出现较多斜裂缝,使结构的承载力和延性变差.最后还提出了梁筋直锚型节点受力的空间桁架模型.     

设置扇形边界死区的电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制

利用电压型PWM整流器的数学模型分析了PWM整流器直接功率控制(DPC)的原理,讨论了功率滞环比较器环宽对PWM整流器的影响.为了降低开关频率和减少开关损失,增加功率滞环比较器环宽则引起瞬时有功功率和直流电压波动现象;提出了设置扇形边界死区的控制策略,减少扇形边界误选开关量现象,使瞬时有功功率和直流电压波形趋于平稳.通过Simulink环境下仿真模型的仿真,证明了该策略的可行性.     

试析直接法与间接法的关系

直接法与间接法是企业在现金流量表中列报现金流量的方法.本文阐述了最新会计准则中直接法与间接法的内在关系.直接法和间接法都反映经营活动的现金流量,两种方法都需要把权责发生制转换为收付实现制,两种方法编制现金流量所需的主要依据相同,但两种方法涵义不同,使用条件和特点也不同.     

青海省国外旅游客源市场时空结构研究

该文对青海省的国外客源市场从时间和空间结构上进行分析，期望对未来青海省开拓国际市场提供理论依据．从时间结构上看，青海省国外客源市场在上个世纪90年代发展比较缓慢，在21世纪初期出现了快速增长的趋势，年平均增长率达到10％左右．而从空间结构上看，客源市场国的数量虽然在逐步增加，但是大部分旅游人数仍然来自少数几个国家，旅游市场地理集中指数G值自20世纪90年代逐步下降，但在本世纪初又出现了上升的迹象．因此，本文提出了未来青海省在开拓国外客源市场方面，需要在因地制宜、联合开发、树立明确形象和迎接多方挑战的措施和局势下作好工作．