大气声传播通道的声源当量估计方法

提出了一种基于大气声传播通道的爆炸声源能量估计方法,通过将计算大气声学的传播能量分布结果与大气中传播的声压幅度衰减模型相结合,使用平流层通道与热层通道传播损失能量比例作为修正量,提高了对爆炸声源能量的估计精度。在多次地面爆炸实验得到的数据中,使用观测距离800 km以上且同时存在平流层通道与热层通道的次声接收信号,对比了平流层顶风速修正的能量估计方法与该文提出的基于大气声传播通道的能量估计方法。实验结果验证了相对于传统风速修正的能量估计方法,该方法可显著降低估计误差。     

基于等效密度流体模型的地声参数分析

目前的地声参数反演多采用液态海底模型,但是实际海底为多孔弹性海底。该文在等效密度流体模型基础上,通过计算液态海底和多孔弹性海底的反射系数及传播损失,给出了等效密度流体模型和液态海底模型的等效性分析。数值仿真结果表明在低频情况下,多孔弹性海底给出的快纵波声速与等效密度流体模型给出的声速以及等效密度流体的实部与真实的海底密度基本一致。将等效密度流体模型近似看作液态海底模型进行反射系数和传播损失计算,在小掠射角和远距离时,计算结果表明与多孔弹性海底计算结果具有较好一致性,从而以此为依据确定海底为液态,进行地声参数反演。     

Dynamic melt flow of nanocomposites based on poly-ɛ-caprolactam

 The dynamic flow behavior of polyamide-6 (PA-6) and a nanocomposite (PNC) based on it was studied. The latter resin contained 2 wt% of organoclay. The two materials were blended in proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% PNC. The dynamic shear rheological properties of well-dried specimens were measured under N₂ at T=240 °C, frequency ω=0.1–100 rad/s, and strains γ=10 and 40%. At constant T, γ, and ω the time sweeps resulted in significant increases of the shear moduli. The γ and ω scans showed a complex rheological behavior of all clay-containing specimens. At γ=10% the linear viscoelasticity was observed for all compositions only at ω>1 rad/s, while at γ=40% only for 0 and 25 wt% of PNC. However, the effect was moderate, namely decreasing G′ and G′′ (at ω=6.28 rad/s; γ=50%) by 15 and 7.5%, respectively. For compositions containing >25 wt% PNC two types of non-linearity were detected. At ω≤ω_c=1.4 ± 0.2 rad/s yield stress provided evidence of a 3-D structure. At ω > ω_c, G′ and G′′ were sensitive to shear history – the effect was reversible. From the frequency scans at ω > ω_c the zero-shear relative viscosity vs concentration plot was constructed. The initial slope gave the intrinsic viscosity from which the aspect ratio of organoclay particles, p=287 ± 9 was calculated, in agreement with the value calculated from the reduced permeability data, p=286. Received: 24 May 2001 Accepted: 27 August 2001     

A lattice boltzmann model for compressible perfect gas

A new lattice Boltzmann model for compressible perfect gas is proposed. The numerical example shows that it can be used to simulate shock wave and contact discontinuity. The results are comparable with those obtained by traditional methods. The ratio of specific heats γ may be chosen according to the requirement of problems. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Secondary flows and particle centrifugation in slightly tilted rotating pipes

A theoretical analysis is presented of viscous incompressible laminar flow in a pipe which rotates around an axis held at small angle with respect to its symmetry-axis. Analogous to the results of Barua and Benton [1, 2], solutions in closed-form are given for circulatory flows in the cross-sectional plane of the pipe due to Coriolis forces in combination with Hagen-Poiseuille flow through the pipe. The solutions are used to derive analytical expressions for trajectories of solid or liquid particles entrained in the gas and being subject to centrifugation and the said secondary flows. It is shown that despite centrifugation, particles can be locked into circulatory trajectories thus remaining suspended in the gas flowing through the pipe.     

高性能固化剂在天津软弱地基加固的应用

通过对高性能 (AS系列 )固化剂与水泥的对比试验 ,研究其在天津软弱地基加固中适用性和优越性 ,并得出一套实用的固化剂加固软土地基的施工设计参数     

PARTICLE PROPERTIES—PROMISE AND NEGLECT

We see two major trends in Particle Technology. First, the focus is shifted from unit operations towards functional products, i.e. towards product engineering. Second, modeling will become more and more important. Processes cannot yet be designed from basic molecular understanding. Nanotechnology, however, begins to bridge this gap between molecules and particles and may thus open new ways not only for the production and handling of particulate matter but also for the engineered design of advanced material properties. Starting from the concept of product engineering we investigate the basic preconditions for tailoring nanoparticulate properties, i.e. the control of the particle interactions. Nanotechnology can only be transferred to industrial production if the interactions are effectively controlled. Material and particle properties are essential for predictive models. Although strong tools like MD, DEM or population balance models are available, these models are only predictive if realistic material and particle properties are available which is often not the case. We show for selected examples how particle properties can be obtained by studying the physically relevant elementary processes. The impact breakage behavior of many different materials is described by a master curve. Particle adhesion can be modeled if the roughness of particle and substrate and the Hamaker constant are known. The latter is obtained from adsorption studies.     

Aspect ratio effect on natural convection in water near its density maximum temperature

The effect of the aspect ratio on natural convection in water subjected to density inversion has been investigated in this study. Numerical simulations of the two-dimensional, steady state, incompressible flow in a rectangular enclosure with a variety of aspect ratios, ranging from 0.125 to 100, have been accomplished using a finite element model. Computations cover Rayleigh numbers from 10³ to 10⁶. Results reveal that the aspect ratio, A, the Rayleigh number, Ra, and the density distribution parameter, R, are the key parameters to determine the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for density inversion fluids in an enclosure. A new correlation for predicting the maximum mean Nusselt number is proposed in the form of , with the constants a and b depending on density distribution number R. It is demonstrated that the aspect ratio has a strong impact on flow patterns and temperature distributions in rectangular enclosures. The stream function ratio Ψ_inv/|Ψ_reg| is introduced to describe quantitatively the interaction between inversional and regular convection. For R=0.33, the density inversion enhancement is observed in the regime near A=3.     

Backscatter factor and absorption ratio of fibrous zirconia media in the visible

Fibrous thermal insulations are widely used to conserve energy in ambient to high temperature applications including buildings, solar collectors, heat exchangers, furnaces and thermal protection systems of reusable launch vehicles. It has long been recognised that zirconia has the lowest thermal conductivity of commercial refractories. The thermal conductivity of a zirconia fibrous medium is strongly dependent of its bulk density; high bulk densities of zirconia fibers provide the most effective insulation at high temperatures. Lee's theory for radiative transfer through fibrous media is used in this paper. The two-flux model is applied to determine the backward and forward parameters of a medium of zirconia fibers oriented in parallel planes. Theoretical calculations of the backscatter factor and absorption ratio of this medium are carried out in the visible spectrum for different size parameters of the fibers and for three different temperatures. Our results show that the backscatter factor of zirconia fibrous insulations is maximum, and therefore the heat transfer by the fibrous medium is the lowest, for a size parameter of 0.45 for all the temperatures studied. We also observed that the backscatter factor decreases with increasing temperature.